The World Science Fiction Society

1991 August 30 - 13:00 - Hyatt Grand Ballroom F
Presiding Officer-------------------------------- Ross Pavlac
Assistant Presiding Officer -----------------Bruce Pelz
Parliamentarian---------------------------- YaleF Edeiken
Staff Sergeant-at-Arms------------------Theresa Renner
Secretary ------------------------------Richard S. Russell
Timekeeper--------------------------------Kevin Standlee

[This document was transferred to electronic format in 1999 by Pat McMurray. I have not corrected any apparent spelling errors or mistakes. Two documents were included with the paper minutes which I have not transferred. These were a copy of the advertisement from the AEE with improper use of "Worldcon ‘91" and a copy of the MRPC Names and Addresses – very out of date by now.]

Item A.1: Call to Order
13:07

Item A.2: Point of Order
Rick Katze asked when it would be appropriate to eliminate preferred seating in front row. Chair ruled that since meeting has started, anyone may occupy currently unoccupied seats, but that reserved seating would continue in effect for the future.

Item A.3: Roll Call and Determination of Presence of Quorum
It was visually apparent that at least 12 persons were physically present, in addition to the table officers. By the end of the meeting, 84 people had listed their names (or those of their illiterate traveling companions) on the sign-in sheet.

1. Settlement of Boundary Disputes between Nicotine and Oxygen Breathers
   The rightmost third of the room was declared fit for nicotine and was spottily occupied.
2. Reserved Seats
   Front row of seats is for staff members of current and two upcoming Worldcon committees.
3. Freebie Tables
   Near door, where copies of agenda and materials to be acted on are available.

1. Presiding Officer Ross Pavlac

• Gavel of hickory
• Patience of Job
• Wisdom of Solomon
• Tactics of Machiavelli
• Domestic Policy of George Bush

1. Assistant Presiding Officer Bruce Pelz

• Previously an imitation Donald E. Eastlake
• Potentially an imitation Ross Pavlac
• Personally Inimitable

1. Parliamentarian YaleF Edeiken

• Law degree from John Marshall Law School
• Robert's Rules of Order, Newly Revised from Scott, Foresman
• Most memorable ruling: "Goodbye, you can leave now!"

1. Sergeant-at-Arms Theresa Renner
   Noted that correct title is Staff Sergeant-at-Arms

• Stripes by US Marine Corps

• Mace by Spice Islands

• Macintosh 2 by Apple Computer

• More (outliner software) by Symantec
• QA-50 Computer Projection Panel by Sham
• Macintosh adapter by Power R

Timekeeper Kevin Standlee

• Namesake of Westercon Rule #2
• Olympic-class precision by Timex

Explanation of why we're here, as seen by the Avenging Aardvark. Roberts Rules of Order, Newly Revised, 1990 Edition is what we're using here. Enforcement of rules will vary from loose to tight, depending on how obstreperous members are being.

Votes today will deal with time limits, amendments to standing rules, and various reports. More business at future sessions: Bid presentations for 1994 will come up Saturday; site selection session Sunday as first order of business, plus additional presentations by other concoms, it they wish.

If in doubt as to what's going on, raise "Point of Information" with chair, who will venture a real-English explanation.

Apology for lateness of getting Hugo ballots out on time.

The ritual began with the invocation of the Hispanic binary sequencing device. Louisville, having won the toss, elected to receive and will present 2nd.

Point of privilege raised to ask photographers not to block view of those behind them.

The WSFS Constitution, having been assembled by committee (much like the camel assembled from a blueprint of a home), was misinterpreted by Martin, and this produced an erroneous listing of top vote-getters as the result of the nomination process. This draft list escaped into public availability. It contained 3 errors compared to the final list, including 1 nominee whose name was omitted, even though it shouldn't have been.

A subsequent list containing some finalists identified as "additional" was unfortunate and unintentional. The vote differences were at most 1 or 2 votes. All the nominees heard from ChiCon first. Apologies are due to all who were slighted or inconvenienced by this process.

Q: Will final balloting (presumably more complex) be correct if the nominations were not? A: The nominations were counted correctly, and the finals will be too. The sole error was how to interpret a procedural requirement, and that has been squared away.

Back In 1984, Ross Pavlac allowed a motion of censure to pass against the Los Angeles committee. This turned out to be based on circumstantial evidence and was undeserved; Pavlac regrets having allowed it; he pleads lack of sleep and ATP. Pavlac apologizes to LACon II committee in general and Bruce Pelz in particular. Pelz said he thought this issue was long dead and no apology was needed; Pavlac said he wanted to personally set the record straight. Ben Yalow pointed out that the actual censure motion had been nullified by following Business Meeting.

A WSFS member at ConFiction requested that her or his name not ever again be used by ChiCon. Pavlac is happy to accommodate this desire. He intends to use a pair of brown paper bags as a visual image to represent the member's name. R***** S**** on a point of privilege, said that he only objected to the use of his name without his consent and granted blanket permission to use his correct name during the Business Meeting. Pavlac said he was happy to accommodate. Hereafter so mote it be.

See Program Book Page 153. These constitutional amendments, having been approved in 1990, will become effective at the end of the Business Meeting if ratified this year.

1. Text
   MOVED, to add a new section to Article 2 as follows:
   "Best Original Artwork: Any original piece of Science Fiction or Fantasy artwork first published during the previous calendar year."
2. Movers
   Rick Katze and Sharon Sbarsky
3. Brief Explanation
   This would create a permanent new Hugo category like the special category created by ConFiction for 1990.
4. Time Limit

• 10, 28-39
• 6 (default for 30 words), 55-few (wins)
• 3

1. Text
   MOVED, to amend the Constitution of the World Science Fiction Society by adding the following to Article 1:
   "Any member of the Society shall have the right, under reasonable conditions, to examine the financial records and books of account of the current Worldcon Committee, all future selected Worldcon Committees, and the two immediately preceding Worldcon Committees."
2. Movers
   Donald E. Eastlake III and Jill Eastlake
3. Brief Explanation
   The intent of this amendment is to assure that Worldcon financial reports are reasonably complete and accurate as the committees would know that someone could always check on them.
4. Time Limit

• 20 (default for 56 words), zip-many
• 5, 24-32
• 3, many-few (wins)

AKA the "Teddy Bear Amendment"

1. Text
   MOVED, to insert a new section in Article 3 as follows:
   "Only natural persons shall be allowed to cast site-selection ballots for other than ‘No Preference’, and no individual shall cast more than one such ballot. (This shall not be interpreted to prohibit delivery of ballots cast by other eligible voters.) ‘No Preference’ ballots may be cast by corporations, associations, and other non-human or artificial entities. ‘Guest of’ memberships must be transferred to individual natural persons before being cast for other than ‘No Preference’, with such transfers accepted by the administering convention."
2. Movers
   Kevin Standlee, Rick Katze and David Berry
3. Brief Explanation
   This is substantially self-explanatory. One motivation for voting corporate, ‘Guest of’, etc., site-selection ballots is to become eligible for the initial limited fee for conversion to attending.
4. Time Limit

• 30, few-many
• 20 (default for 92 words), few-many
• 6, few-many
• 4, few-many
• 3, many-few (wins)

AKA the "Liposuction Amendment"

1. Text
   RESOLVED, that the Constitution of the World Science Fiction Society be amended to replace all occurrences of "Mark Registration and Protection Committee" with "Mark Protection Committee".
2. Movers
   Resolution and Rulings of Continuing Effect Compilation Committee
3. Brief Explanation
   This motion would save 14 words in the Constitution by eliminating redundancy in the committee name without changing its Constitutional duties, which are defined in Article 4 Section 7. Under provisions in the Standing Rules, they would also be amended saving further words.
4. Time Limit

• Parliamentary inquiry
  Robert Sacks inquired whether no debate was appropriate. Chair ruled no.
• 6 (default for 26 words), few-many
• 3. few-many
• 2, few-many
• 1, few-many
• 0.5, many-few (wins)

1. Text
   RESOLVED, that the Constitution of the World Science Fiction Society be amended to replace Article 4 Section 1 with the following:
   "The WSFS Constitution may be amended by a motion passed by a simple majority at any Business Meeting but only to the extent that such motion is ratified by a simple majority at the Business Meeting of the subsequent Worldcon.
2. Current Provision
   Any proposal to amend the Constitution of WSFS shall require for passage a majority of all the votes cast on the question at the Business Meeting of WSFS at which it is first debated, and also ratification by a simple majority vote of those members present and voting at a Business Meeting of WSFS held at the Worldcon immediately following that at which the amendment was first approved. Failure to ratify in the manner described shall void the proposed amendment.
3. Movers
   Resolution and Rulings of Continuing Effect Compilation Committee
4. Brief Explanation
   This motion saves 40 words by simplifying the current amendment provision and brings it closer to current practice by explicitly recognizing that an amendment might only be ratified in part.
5. Time Limit

• 20 (default for 61 words), few-many
• 6, few-many
• 1, chair ruled majority (wins)
• 0.5
• 0.17

See Program Book Pages 154-155.

1. Text
   MOVED, to amend the WSFS Constitution by adding a section to Article 2:
   "Life Hugo for Non-English Language Writing: An individual for recognition of lifetime achievement in the field of science fiction or fantasy as a writer in one or more languages other than English. No person shall be eligible for nomination in this category who has previously won this award. (It is intended that fiction, non-fiction, and fan writing all be eligible areas of achievement.)"
2. Movers
   Robert E. Sacks. Fred Pohl, Catherine M. FitzSimmons, Kees van Toorn, Martin Hoare, Robert L. Hillis, Penelope M. Frierson, Roger Sims, Michael J. Walsh, Sam Moskowitz (with amendment: individual must be alive until year of nomination), Dennis McCunney, Lawrence A. Park, and Elizabeth Gross.
3. Brief Explanation
   This would create a permanent new Hugo category to reflect lifetime achievement ("Grand Master") in non-English writing; current categories are restricted to achievement in the previous calendar year.
4. Objection to Consideration

• by Bruce Pelz
• Point of order
  Request that motion be read before vote on objection. Granted.
• Vote: hordes yea, few nay; objection carried; motion sent to limbo

Another motion, entitled "4-Year Lead Time Amendment" and distributed as a separate handout will be proposed as a substitute amendment to this item.

1. Text
   MOVED, to amend Article 3 of the WSFS Constitution as follows:
   In Section 1, change "three (3)" to "four (4)".
   In Section 6, change "the then current Worldcon" to "the Worldcon following the one at which the overseas Worldcon was selected".
   In Section 8, change "three (3)" to `-four (4)".
2. Movers
   Louis Epstein, Mark L. Blackman, Bill Bums, and Catherine M. FitzSimmons
3. Brief Explanation
   This motion has the effect of extending lead time for Worldcon site selection to 4 years but leaving lead time for NASFiC site selection at 3 years.
4. Motion to Amend by Substitution

• Movers
  Michael Wallis and Kevin Standlee
• Text
  Moved, to amend the WSFS Constitution as follows:
  (1) In Article 3 Section 1 and in Articles Section 8, strike out "three (3)" and insert "four (4)".
  (2) In Article 3 Section 6, replace subsection (1) with "(1) Voting shall be by written ballot administered by the Worldcon following the one which selected the non-North American site, or the NASFiC held that year, if there is one. Ballots shall be cast at the administering convention or by mail. Only members of the administering convention shall be eligible to vote."
  (3) In Article 3 Section 4, strike out "and as set by the administering convention but no earlier than the close of the corresponding Worldcon voting for a prospective NASFiC bid." and insert "and, for a prospective NASFiC bid, no later than the last day of the calendar year preceding the year in which the administering convention will take place."
  Provided that:
  (A) Section (1) of this amendment may be adopted or ratified independently of the other sections.
  (B) If ratified, this amendment shall take effect with the site selection elections of 1994. The 1994 Worldcon shall select the sites of the 1997 and 1998 Worldcons, and prospective bids for both of those years must be filed with the administering convention prior to the close of the 1993 Worldcon. If a non-North American site is chosen for 1997, the 1994 Worldcon shall select the site of the 1997 NASFiC. If a non-North American site is chosen for 1998, the normal NASFiC selection rules shall apply.
• Brief Explanation
  Item (1) changes the lead time for selecting Worldcons from 3 to 4 years. Item (2) changes the lead time for a NASFiC, when required. to 1 year less than the Worldcon lead time. If a non-North American site is selected, the Worldcon (or NASFiC. if there is one) held the year following that election would select a NASFiC for the "skipped" zone. Item (3) requires NASFiC bidders to file by the last day of the year preceding their site-selection balloting. Note that if Items (2) and (3) are ratified and (1) is not, the NASFiC site selection time would be reduced to 2 years.
• Mark Olson moved to create a committee to reconcile differing versions, 2nd by unknown person verbally.
  Robert Sacks called the question, granted without objection
• Vote: many-few; committee created
• Committee appointments by Pavlac
  Epstein, Wallis, Sacks, Eastlake (chair), Standlee

1. Time Limit

• Point of order
  Ben Yalow notes that motion is not now before body, and this meeting has no jurisdiction over it. Chair ruled it would be easier to proceed in anticipation of what's coming.
• 20, few-many
• 15, majority for nays
• 10, many-few (wins)
• 6 (default for 49 words)

1. Text
   MOVED, to amend the WSFS Constitution by changing Article 2 throughout to provide that the year of eligibility be the calendar year 2 (two) before the year of the voting.
   With the proviso that the Worldcon selected the year after this amendment Is ratified shall not award any Hugos for the preceding year but may conduct the Hugo selection omitted in 1954.
2. Movers Robert E Sacks, Colin Fine, Tim Illingworth, Roger Sims, Michael Walsh, Sam Moskowitz
3. Brief Explanation
   This is substantially self-explanatory.
4. Objection to Consideration

• Moved by many people, Rick Katze ruled by the chair to have been loudest.
• Vote: forest to tree; objection carries; doom pronounced on motion

1. Text
   MOVED, to amend the WSFS Constitution to provide that, in counting votes for Hugo and Site Selection elections, "No Award" and "None of the Above" not be eliminated, but votes for "No Award' and "None of the Above" be cumulative until either it or a candidate is selected.
2. Movers
   Richard C. Spelman, Judith C. Bemis, Catherine M. FitzSimmons, Robert E. Sacks, Roger Sims, Tim Illingworth, Michael J. Walsh, Sam Moskowitz, Seth Breidbart, Drew Sanders, Peggy Rae Pavlat, Stuart C. Hellinger, Robert L. Hillis, and Elizabeth Gross
3. Brief Explanation
   Article 2 Section 17 requires "No Award" to "be mandatory in each category of Hugo Award on the final ballot, and Article 2 Section 21 specifies a tallying procedure which refers generically to "the voter's first choices. If no majority is then obtained, the nominee who places last in the initial tallying shall be eliminated and the ballots listing it as first choice shall be redistributed...".
   With respect to site selection, Article 3 Section 3 specifically states that "’None of the Above’ shall be treated as a bid for tallying. If it wins, the duty of site selection shall devolve on the Business Meeting of the current Worldcon."
   Both these procedures use preferential voting, whereby "No Award" and "None of the Above" are dropped as soon as they are the lowest first-place vote-getters among the remaining contenders. This motion would leave them in the running and instead drop the next lowest vote-getter.
4. Objection to Consideration

• Moved by Gary Greenbaum
• Vote: few-many; objection fails; motion still up for grabs

1. Motion to Divide Question

• Moved by Michael Mason, no obvious 2nd, but dealt with anyway
• Text: to deal with No Award and None of the Above separately.
• Vote: few-many; division fails; main motion still intact

1. Time Limit

• 15, few-many
• 12, 35-28 (wins)
• 10
• 6 (default for 26 words)
• 3

1. Amendment
   Ben Yalow asked if motion to amend would be in order at this point. Pavlac ruled yes.

• Text of substitute amendment
  MOVED: To amend Article 2 Section 21 by adding the following paragraph:
  "After a tentative winner is determined, then unless ‘No Award’ shall be the winner, the following additional test shall be made. If the number of ballots containing votes listing ‘No Award’ higher than the tentative winner plus the number of ballots listing ‘No Award’ but not the winner is greater than the number of ballots listing the tentative winner higher than ‘No Award’ plus the number of ballots listing the tentative winner but not ‘No Award’, then ‘No Award’ shall be declared the winner of the election."
  and to amend Article 3 Section 3 by adding the following to the end of the 5th sentence:
  "and shall be the equivalent of ‘No Award’ with respect to the last paragraph of Article 2 Section 21".
• Movers
  Ben Yalow and unknown verbal 2nder
• Explanation
  The above ignores ballots which list neither the tentative winner nor "No Award" and treats those who vote for only one of those two as voting for the other below the one they voted for. It then gives the award to ‘No Award’ if more people vote ‘No Award’ higher than the tentative winner.
• Acceptance by mover and seconder as part of motion; motion to amend thereby rendered moot

1. Point of order
   Rick Katze asked if it would be possible to revert to current wording after seeing actual wording. Chair ruled it would require a separate motion to amend.

Point of information: What's difference between Constitution and Standing Rules? Explanation by YaleF Edeiken.

1. Text
   MOVED, to add to Section 4 of Article 4 of the WSFS Constitution the following sentence:
   "The Business Meetings shall not be held before noon nor after 8 PM local time."
2. Movers
   Richard H. E. Smith II, Leah Zeldes Smith, Hillaire N. Riley, Richard W. Lynch, and Mirl N Catiny
3. Brief Explanation
   Self-explanatory. Business Meetings typically start at 9 or 10 AM.
4. Point of Order
   Ben Yalow noted that wording of motion is to amend constitution. Richard Smith, mover of motion, agrees.
   Chair was thinking about ruling when...
5. Objection to Consideration

• Made by some considerate person
• Passed by more than 2/3

1. Text
   MOVED, to amend Rule 5 of the Standing Rules for the Governance of the WSFS Business Meeting by replacing "Six (6)" with "Five (5)" and "one hundred (100)" by "two hundred (200)".
2. Movers
   Donald E. Eastlake III and Rick Katze
3. Brief Explanation
   With today's attendance, 100 copies is just enough to go around when a longer motion is handed out at the Business Meeting. On the other hand, for shorter motions, it is not clear why you need six copies. One each for the Presiding Officer, Secretary, and Parliamentarian (if there is a Parliamentarian) is reasonable. Possibly one is needed for the Timekeeper and the Deputy/Assistant Presiding Officer (if there is a Deputy/Assistant Presiding Officer), but all that only adds up to five.
4. Amendment

• Pelz moved to require 200 copies in all cases: verbal 2nd heard.
• Text of amendment
  That the word and numeral "Six (6)" in Rule 5 of the Standing Rules be replaced by "Two hundred (200)", that the period at the end of the 1st sentence of that Rule be stricken, and that all text in the 2nd sentence of the rule, up to and including the words "Meeting attendees" be stricken.
• Default time limit on amendment: 8 minutes
• Don Eastlake inquired whether intent was to have 200 copies even if motions were printed in advance.
  Pelz said it was not, only to have adequate copies of unpublished motions.
• Movers of motion accept the proposed wording: amendment thus rendered moot

1. Time Limit
   6 (default for 32 words)
2. Vote on Main Motion
   Whole lots to hardly any; motion carries

1. Text

• Rule 1: Types of Sessions
  The Business of the annual Meeting of the World Science Fiction Society shall be transacted in one or more comprise the following types of sessions: called Preliminary, Site Selection, Business Meetings and one or more Main Business Meetings. The first session shall be designated as a Preliminary Business Meeting Session. At least eighteen (18) hours shall elapse between the final Preliminary Business Meeting Session and the one or more first Main Business Meetings Session. One Business Meeting shall also be designated At the Site Selection Meeting where Session, site selection business shall be the special sole order of business.
• Rule 2: Powers of Preliminary Sessions
  The A Preliminary Business Meetings Session may not pass. reject, or ratify amendments to the Constitution, but the motions to "object to consideration", to "table", to "divide the question", to "postpone" to a later part of the Preliminary Business Meetings Session or to a later Preliminary Session, and to "refer" to a committee to report later in the same Annual Business Meeting are in order when allowed by Robert's Rules. The A Preliminary Business Meetings Session may alter or suspend any of the rules of debate included in these Standing Rules. Motions may be amended or consolidated at these Meetings a Preliminary Session with the consent of the original maker. Absence from these Meetings of the original maker shall constitute consent to amendment and to such interpretations of the intent of the motion as the Presiding Officer or the Parliamentarian may in good faith attempt.
• Rule 3: Elections to Mark Registration and Protection Committee
• 3.1: Nominations
  Nominations from the floor for election to the Mark Registration and Protection Committee shall be allowed at each Preliminary Business Meeting Session. To be listed on the ballot, a nominee must, before the end of the last Preliminary Business Meeting Session submit to the Presiding Officer, in writing, their her or his consent and place of residence
• 3.2: Balloting
  Elections to the Mark Registration and Protection Committee shall be a special order of business at a Main Business Meeting Session. Voting shall be by written preferential ballot with write-ins allowed. Write-in candidates who do not submit their written consent and place of residence before the ballots are collected shall be ignored. The ballot shall list, with each nominee, their his or her place of residence and shall omit all nominees who can not be elected due to the zonal residence restrictions in the Constitution...
• 3.3: Tallying - no change
• Rule 4: Deadlines for New Business
  The deadline for the submission of non-privileged new business shall be two hours after the official opening of the Worldcon or eighteen hours before the first Preliminary Business Meeting Session, whichever is later. The Presiding Officer may accept otherwise qualified motions submitted after the deadline, but all such motions shall be placed at the end of the agenda of the Business Meeting....
• Rule 5: Copies of Motions - no change
• Rule 6: Short Titles
  Any main motion presented to a Business Meeting shall contain a short title.
• Rule 7: Debate Limitations on Main Motions
  Debate on all main motions of less than fifty (50) words shall be limited to six (6) minutes. Debate on all other main motions shall be limited to twenty (20) minutes; if. If a question is divided, these size criteria and time limits shall be applied to each section part of the divided motion. Time shall be allotted equally to both sides of a question. Time spent on points of order or other neutral matters arising from a motion shall be charged one half to each side. The A Preliminary Business Meeting Session may alter these limits for a particular motion by a majority vote.
• Rule 8: Debate Limitations on Amendments - no change
• Rule 9: Second-Order Amendments - no change
• Rule 10: Limitations on Debate - no change
• Rule 11: Indefinite Postponement - no change
• Rule 12: Division of the House - no change
• Rule 13: Carryover of Main Motions - no change
• Rule 14: Suspension of the Rules
  These Standing Rules, and any others temporary rules adopted by and for a Preliminary Business Meeting, may be suspended for an individual item of business by a two-thirds majority vote.
• Rule 15: Point of Information
  The sole purpose of a request for a "point of information" is to ask the Presiding Officer or the Parliamentarian for her or his opinion of the effect of a motion or for his guidance as to the correct procedure to follow. Attempts ...
  Revised.
• Rule 16: Editorial Changes
  Citations... order. Unless otherwise ordered by the Business Meeting, the Secretary will adjust any other Section of the Constitution and Standing Rules equally affected by an amendment to the Constitution, and will adjust any other section of the Standing Rules equally affected by an amendment to the Standing Rules. Resolutions and rulings of continuing effect may be repealed or amended at subsequent Business Meetings by majority vote without notice, and shall be automatically repealed or amended by applicable amendments to the Constitution or Standing Rules and by conflicting resolutions and rulings subsequently adopted or made. Any correction of facts to the Minutes, or to the Constitution, or Standing Rules as published should be brought to the attention of the Secretary and to that of the next available Business Meeting as soon as they are discovered.
• Rule 17: Smoking
  At all sessions of the Business Meeting, the hall will be divided into smoking and non-smoking sections of the hall by the Presiding Officer of the Meeting.
• Rule 18: Adjournment
  The A motion to adjourn the Main a Business Meeting will not be in order until after the amendments to the Constitution proposed at the last Worldcon previous Business Meeting for ratification at the current Business Meeting have been acted upon.
• Rule 19: Procedure at Site-Selection Session
  At the Site Selection Meeting Session, fifteen (15) minutes shall be allotted to each of the future selected Worldcons Worldcon Committees. During the first five (5) minutes, their the Committee’s representative may make such presentations as they the Committee may wish. The remaining time shall be available for questions to be asked about the representative’s Worldcon. Questions may be submitted in writing at any previous session of the Business Meeting and if so submitted shall have priority (if the submitter is present at Question Time and still wishes to ask the question) except that under no circumstances may a person ask a second question as long as any person wishes to ask a first question. Questions … vote. If time permits at the Site Selection Meeting Session, bidders for the convention Worldcon one year beyond the date of the Worldcon being voted upon will be allotted five (5) minutes each to make such presentations as they may wish.
• Rule 20: Procedure for Standing Rule Changes
  These Standing Rules shall continue in effect until altered, suspended or rescinded by the action of any Business Meeting. Amendment, suspension or rescission of these Standing Rules may be done in the form of a motion from the floor of any Business Meeting made by any WSFS member of the Business Meeting, and such action will become effective immediately after the end of the Business Meeting at which it was passed.

1. Movers
   Richard S Russell, Kathi K Nash, Kim Nash and Diane M Martin
2. Brief Explanation
   This proposed amendment to the Standing Rules would clarify what is meant by "Business Meeting" (the entirety of the formal WSFS business proceedings at a given Worldcon) and "Session" (a subset of the entire Business Meeting, typically a few hours in length).Note that this is the reverse of the terminology used in Robert’s Rules of Order, Newly Revised but is consistent with the WSFS Constitution and previous WSFS Business Meeting practices. Incidental to the main changes, non-gender-specific pronouns are inserted where appropriate.
3. Objection to Consideration

• Moved by Robert Sacks
• Endorsed by virtually everyone, notwithstanding "nay" vote from yr humble sec’y; objection sustained; motion crushed by treads of oncoming tank.

1. Text
   Standing Rule 20 is amended to read:
   "These Standing Rules shall continue in effect until altered, suspended, or rescinded by the action of any Business Meeting. Amendment, suspension, or rescission of these Standing Rules may be done in the form of a motion from the floor of any Business Meeting made by any WSFS member of and adopted by majority vote of the Business Meeting, and such action will become. An amendment to the Standing Rules shall be effective immediately after the end of the Business Meeting at which it was passed.
2. Movers
   Richard S Russell, Kathi K Nash, Kim Nash and Diane M Martin
3. Brief Explanation
   This proposed amendment to the Standing Rules would clarify that a simple majority is adequate to amend the Standing Rules, a provision currently absent but consistent with the WSFS Constitution and previous WSFS Business Meeting practices. The reference to suspension of the rules is dropped, because it is separately addressed by Standing Rule 14, which requires a 2/3 vote.
4. Time Limit

• 20 (default for 92 words)

1. Motion to Close Debate

• By Rick Katze
• Edeiken rules at least one person must have spoken. Katze so speaks, then renews motion to close debate.
• Passed

1. Vote on Main Motion
   Lots-not many; motion carries

1. Text
   Standing Rule 16 is amended to read:
   "Citations to Articles, Sections or specific sentences of Titles and cross-references within the Society Constitution or and Standing Rules are for the sake of easy reference only. They do not form a substantive part of the substantive area those documents nor of a any motion to amend those documents. Correct enumeration of Articles, Sections and Rules and correct insertions and deletions and consistent, appropriate titles, numbers, cross-references, punctuation, grammar and capitalization will be provided by the Secretary of the Business Meeting when the Constitution and Standing Rules are certified to the next Worldcon. Therefore, motions from the floor to renumber or correct citations perform such editorial changes will not be in order. Unless otherwise ordered by the Business Meeting, the Secretary will adjust any other Section provision of the Constitution and Standing Rules equally affected by an amendment to the Constitution, and will adjust any other section provision of the Standing Rules equally affected by an amendment to the Standing Rules…"
2. Movers
   Richard S Russell, Kathi K Nash and Kim Nash
3. Brief Explanation
   This proposed amendment to the Standing Rules would clarify the powers of the Secretary to make editorial changes to the Constitution and Standing Rules, thereby sparing the Business Meeting these clerical tasks.
   A mover of the motion, Richard S Russell, is also Secretary of the Business Meeting at ChiCon 5 and hereby announces his intention, if this motion passes, to perform the following editorial changes:

• Assign a short title to every subdivision within the Constitution and Standing Rules
• Use decimal numbers to indicate a provision’s position within the document structure; for example, "Article 3 Section 5 Subsection 1" would become "Subsection 3.5.1"
• Eliminate the "Provided" clause of Article 1 Section 5, since it is irrelevant since the 1991 Worldcon
• Turn the various sections of Article 2 (Hugos) into subsections and assign each to one of four new sections: General, Permanent Categories, Special Categories and Procedures
• Eliminate all spelled out numbers and replace them with digits
• Divide Article 4 into 3 separate articles, containing the indicated sections of the current Article 4:
• Business Meetings (Section 3, 4, 5)
• Committees (Section 6, 7, 8, 9)
• Constitutional Amendments (Sections 10, 1, 2)
• Split the last sentences of Standing Rules 4 and 10 off as separate rules.
• Divide Standing Rule 16 into 3 separate rules

1. Object to Consideration

• Moved by Ben Yalow
• Vote: Gargantuan quantities in favor, lone voice in wilderness opposed; objection sustained; motion sublets basement of outhouse

1. Text
   Proposed amendment to the Standing Rules:
   "The amount of time any one individual may speak in debate at the Worldcon Business Meeting (including any preliminary meetings) will be limited to the lesser of 1 hour in any given year or ten hours cumulative lifetime total. This lifetime maximum will apply retroactively, the Business Meeting to decide when the limit has been reached."
2. Movers
   Seth Breidbart and Michael Wallis
3. Brief Explanation
   Self-explanatory
4. Objection to Consideration

• Ruth Sachter got there first
• Googols to few; objection sustained; after checking reading glasses, chair wished movers better luck next time

1. Text
   MOVED, to replace Article 4 Section 10 of the WSFS Constitution by:
   "The Constitution of WSFS, together with an explanation of proposed changes approved but not yet ratified, and the Standing Rules shall be printed by the current Worldcon Committee, distributed to all WSFS members at a point between nine and three months prior to the Worldcon, and distributed to all WSFS members in attendance at the Worldcon upon registration"
   and also MOVED, to add after the first sentence in Article 2 Section 18, the following:
   "The Committee shall include with each nomination ballot a copy of Article 2 of the WSFS Constitution."
2. Movers
   Mark Olson, Rick Katze and Sharon Sbarsky
3. Brief Explanation
   A timely distribution of the Hugo nominations ballots at the beginning of the year should increase participation in the nomination process. Unfortunately, the WSFS Constitution currently requires that the entire Constitution be distributed with the nomination ballot. If a Progress Report happens to be scheduled at the beginning of the year, this is no problem, but if the Worldcon committee wants to do a first class mailing of the ballot, this requirement may add significant cost, since the inclusion of the entire Constitution can push the weight of the entire mailing above an ounce, and since printing and collating loose sheets is often more expensive than including them in a PR.
   This motion retains the requirement that both the Constitution and the Hugo nomination ballot be mailed to all members, but permits the Worldcon committee to sever their distribution when appropriate.
4. Time Limit

• 20 (default for 103 words)
• 6, gets majority (wins)
• 3

1. Text
   MOVED to amend the WSFS Constitution as follows:
1. Change Article 1 Section 2A to read: "To choose the recipients of the annual Hugo Awards"
2. In Article 1 Section 7, omit the words: "Science Fiction Achievement Awards"
3. Change the title of Article 2 to "Hugo Awards", and change Article 2 Section 1 to read: "Selection of the Hugo Awards shall be made as follows in the subsequent sections of this article."
4. Change the last sentence of Article 2 Section 15 to read: "Articles created under this section shall be considered to be Hugo Awards."

and also MOVED, to direct the Mark Registration and Protection Committee to cease protecting the mark "Science Fiction Achievement Award"

2. Movers
   Mark Olson, Rick Katze and Gay Ellen Dennett
3. Brief Explanation
   This motion would replace the remainder of the usage of "Science Fiction Achievement Award" in the WSFS Constitution with "Hugo Award". WSFS’s awards are known universally by the name Hugo awards except in about half of the WSFS Constitution where the term "Science Fiction Achievement Award" is used. (The rest of the WSFS Constitution also calls them simply the "Hugo Awards".) The term "Science Fiction Achievement Award" has neither current nor historical significance, nor have we been able to gain service mark protection for the term, as it is deemed to be merely descriptive.
4. Time Limit

• 20 (default for 103 words)
• 5
• 3, 47-maybe 12 (wins)
• 1
• 0.5

1. Division of Question

• Ben Yalow moves to divide motion into direction to committee and constitutional amendment.
• In response to question, chair rules it is legal to divide.
• Vote: Many in favor of dividing

1. Referral to Committee

• Ben Yalow moves, 2nd noted, to refer motion giving direction to committee to MRPC for review and report
• Temporary recess declared by chair while MRPC is polled
• Pelz reports this motion should go down toilet, according to majority view of MRPC
• Vote: Many opposed to referral; this provision thus still on floor

1. Withdrawal
   Mark Olson withdraws 2nd part of motion; it dies; RIP

1. Text
   MOVED, to amend Article 4 Section 12 by adding the words "or in generally available electronic media" at the end of the section.
2. Movers
   Patrick Nielsen Hayden and Saul Jaffe
3. Brief Explanation
   This would make eligible fanwriters whose work appeared not only in fanzines or semiprozines, but would expand it to include fanwriting that had appeared in the electronic media, including the Internet; Usenet; and pay services such as Compuserve, GEnie, and Prodigy.
4. Time Limit

• Point of order
  Noted from floor that reference should be to Article 2, not 4. Motion as submitted was correct; typo was in version reproduced for distribution.
• 10
• 6 (default for 23 words), 31-25 (wins)
• 3
• 1
• .0000000000167 (5 nanoseconds)

1. Objection to Consideration

• By Jill Eastlake.
• Point of order
  Question whether this was legal after discussion had started on time limit. Ruled OK.
• Vote on objection failed to get 2/3; motion lives for now.

1. Text
   MOVED to amend the WSFS Constitution as follows:
   (1) Replace Article 2 Section 11 with:
   "Best Fanzine: Any generally available non-professional publication in any medium or form or any combination of media or forms devoted to science fiction, fantasy, or related subjects which meets the following criteria shall be considered for an award: (1) has published at least 4 or more issues, at least 1 of which appeared in the previous calendar year, (2) has continuity as to title, (3) has each issue contain a volume number or issue number, assigned by the publisher where said numbering continues in regular sequence, (4) does not, either singly or when successive issues are put together, constitute a work which would be eligible for an award under Article 2 Sections 2-5 or Section 10, (5) has some editorial control over content and format, and (6) provides a postal address, telephone number, or alternative method of contact for requesting of information or subscriptions."
   (2) Replace the words "non-professional publication" in Article 2 Section 10 with "non-professional publication in any medium or form or any combination of media or forms that meets the criteria in Article 2 Section 11".
   (3) Replace the words "press run" in Section 10 with "circulation".
   (4) Replace the last line of Article 2 Section 8 with:
   "A professional publication is any publication in the science fiction or fantasy genres, in any medium or form or combination of media or forms, which appeared in the previous calendar year, has a circulation of at least 10,000 copies, and paid its contributors and/or staff in other than copies of the publication."
2. Movers
   Saul Jaffe and Evelyn C. Leeper
3. Brief Explanation
   Question as to intent of changing "press run" to "circulation". Circulation intended to cover non-paper items. How does one determine circulation of item on bulletin board? Evelyn Leeper says this is covered by Section 4 of motion; over time definition will evolve.
   Noted from floor that this motion would affect semiprozine and editor Hugos as well.
4. Objection to Consideration

• Moved by Stu Hellinger
• Vote: 41-18, it dies, RIP

1. Text
   MOVED, To amend Article 2 Section 21 of the WSFS Constitution as follows:
   This process shall be repeated until a majority vote winner is obtained until only one nominee (*) remains.
   ALSO MOVED, To amend Article 2 Section 17 of the WSFS Constitution as follows:
   In any event, No Award shall be given whenever the total number of valid ballots cast for a specific category is less than twenty-five percent (25%) of the total number of final Award ballots (excluding those cast for No Award) received issued for any category when. after tallying is completed. the remaining nominee has not received at least as many votes as 1/4 (one-quarter) the number of member ballots expressing a preference (including No Award) in the category.
   PROVIDED. that if "Counting of No Award" passes, the words "and ‘No Award’" shall be inserted at the bullet (*) above.
2. Movers
   Darrell A. Martin and YaleF Edeiken
3. Brief Explanation
   This motion would clarify that the method for determining whether No Award would be given in a category would be based on the proportion of votes received by the top vote-getter after all others are eliminated via preferential balloting.
4. Objection to Consideration

• Moved by Ben Yalow
• Vote: does not attain necessary 2/3; motion rolls on

1. Amendment

• Movers
  Robert Sacks, unidentified verbal 2nd
• Text
  Strike the 1st "Moved" clause, the word "Also", and the "Provided" clause.

1. Postponement of Motion (with amendment) to Main Session

• moved by Gary Feldbaum
• Polite request to group with related items
• Vote: lots-few; motion to postpone carried

1. Motion to Set Agenda to Group with Related Items

• By Gary Greenbaum
• Accepted by unanimous consent

1. Time Limit on Motion

• 20 (default for 142 words) - no
• 15-no
• 10, 34-maybe 16 (wins)
• 5

1. Time Limit on Amendment

• 5 - no
• 1 -wins

1. Text
   A committee shall be appointed and shall be charged with the incorporation of the World Science Fiction Society (WSFS) as a non-profit, literary society for the promotion of science fiction and the oversight of the annual World Science Fiction Convention (WorldCon). Such a corporation shall have a board of directors elected by the paid membership of WSFS and shall be empowered to hire, lease, contract for, purchase such personnel, equipment, and services necessary to the administration of the society.
2. Movers
   J. R. Madden and Daphne O’Grady
3. Brief Explanation
   The following conditions prompt this proposal to incorporate WSFS:
1. The membership of the annual Worldcon and the operating budget has grown to its present size beyond the wildest dreams of the earliest fans.
2. Each Worldcon committee is an incorporated body independent of WSFS and therefore handles its profit/loss without direction from WSFS.
3. The lead time for booking suitable facilities for the Worldcon now exceeds five (5) years in some cases and may likely increase.
4. Control of Worldcon funds by WSFS from year to year may permit "locking in" facilities further in advance.
5. A repository of expertise is desirable.
6. An "archive" of historical material relating to the Worldcon exists and should be preserved.
7. The registration and protection of trademarks would be facilitated.
8. Local committees would be required to "bid" for and operate the annual Worldcon.
4. Objection to Consideration

• moved by many voices
• approved by many hands; oars of Charon heard across the chill Chicago Styx

1. Parliamentary inquiry
   Would it be in order to rescind vote of Business Meeting of several years ago to look into incorporation? The Chair ruled that it would be non-privileged new business submitted after the deadline, and thus may be accepted by the Chair under Standing Rule 4, but he declined to do so.

1. Text
   MOVED, to amend Article 4 Section 10 by adding the following sentence:
   "Within two (2) months after the end of each Worldcon, the Committee shall send a copy of all changes to the Constitution and the Standing Rules, and all items awaiting ratification, to the next Worldcon Committee."
2. Movers
   Ben Yalow and Mark Olson
3. Brief Explanation
   This gives a deadline for the information that the next committee needs if they are to follow the rest of the requirements in this section.
4. Time Limit

• 6 (default for 48 words) - nyet
• 3 - nein
• 1-OH BOY

1. Report

Committee met this very morning, has not prepared written report, but verbal report given by Don Eastlake.

MRPC has been very busy, dealing with an energy engineering group holding a `Worldcon" which resisted dropping the term. Potential lawsuit considered by MRPC. SCIFI, WorldCon Atlanta, MCFI joined together to bring pressure to bear. WSFS mark entitlement ruled "incontestable" (which means "hard to contest'). $2400 cost borne by 3 committees.

However, US trademark examiner ruled the engineers have a prima facie case that their use is different than ours, and they're trying to get final ruling expedited. We have filed a protest. Some people called WorldCon Atlanta, trying to reach the engineers, proof of confusion generated.

In United Kingdom, an international sysop convention also tried to use "Worldcon 91" as their title. There was a verbal assurance that they would cut it out.

Perth bid listed as an actual worldcon by Australian Tourist Bureau.

In UK, we have succeeded in getting the tradename "Worldcon" registered; still working on others.

MRPC proposes to have its next meeting after adjournment of business meeting,. and would like a constitutional amendment considered that would permit meetings when newly elected members can attend (see following).

Policies under consideration:

1. Priorities: "Worldcon", "Hugo", all others, in that order
2. Target countries: US, UK, Canada, Australia; as of 1992, registration in UK covers us in Europe as well. Next target: Japan.
3. Observers: To be named in Australia and Japan if suitable volunteers can be obtained.
4. Trademark watch on databases or commercial company ($140/year worldwide). A milligram of prevention is worth a kilogram of cure. Best to find out intended use before a lot of financial commitment entrenches someone else's proprietorship.
5. "SF World" In China viewed as being not worthy of action.

Financial report being prepared.

Colin Fine has resigned.

Belated but heartfelt public thanks to Robert Sacks for his generous personal donation of $200, officially recognized by MRPC at ConFiction but not noted in those minutes.

2. Business Arising from Report

• "Anti-Lame Duck Amendment" moved by MRPC
• Text
  MOVED, To amend Article 4 Section 6 of the WSFS Constitution by inserting the words "after the end of the Business Meeting" after the word "Worldcon" in the sentence "There will be a meeting of the Mark Registration and Protection Committee at each worldcon, at a time and place announced at the Business Meeting."
• Time Limit
• 10, no
• 5, no
• 3, no
• .1 yes (wins)

1. MRPC Nominations

• Appointed by various convention committees
• Ben Yalow, Noreascon 3 appointee until 1991 (to be replaced)
• Morris Keesan, ConFiction appointee until 1992
• Sean M. McCoy, ConDiego appointee until 1992
• Ross Pavlac, Chicon V appointee until 1993
• Tom Veal, Magicon appointee until 1994
• Sasha Miller, ConFrancisco appointee until 1996
• Elected until 1993 (ConFrancisco)
• Colin Fine (overseas) (resigned) (to be replaced)
• Sue Francis (Central)
• Kent Bloom (Eastern)
• Elected until 1992 (MagiCon)
• Tim lllingworth (overseas)
• Fran Skene (Western)
• Bruce Pelz (Western)
• Elected until 1991 (ChiCon 5)
• Kees van Toorn (overseas) (to be replaced)
• Scott Dennis, treasurer (Central) (to be replaced)
• Donald E. Eastlake Ill, chairman and secretary (Eastern) (to be replaced)
• Nominated to the MPRC for terms expiring in 1994
  Nominees were required to accept nomination in writing by the end of the day's session; those who did so are indicated as having "accepted".
• Donald E. Eastlake III (Eastern), accepted
• Scott Dennis (Central), accepted
• Chris J. Cooper (overseas), accepted
• Ben Yalow (Eastern), accepted
• Robert E. Sacks (Eastern), accepted
• Stephen Boucher (overseas), accepted
• Richard H. E. Smith II (Central), accepted
• Leslie Turek (Eastern), declined with thanks
• Donald Cook (Eastern), accepted
• H. Richard Foss (Western), accepted

1. Report
   Report presented verbally by Don Eastlake. Revised compilation has been generated and submitted to Presiding Officer. A copy will be produced for distribution.
2. Business Arising from Report

• Motion to continue committee's existence
• Passed by voice vote

Quoting from the minutes of the 1990 Business Meeting. with interpolated comments by Secretary George Flynn: ".. moved to continue the committee with ______ as chairman. David Berry first volunteered, then withdrew his name, then [I think] volunteered again. With or without a name in the blank, the motion passed. [Because of the uncertainty as to whether this committee actually exists, it was omitted from the list of Business Passed on published in Chicon PR4.]"

1. Report
   Presented verbally by Robert Sacks. No significant action, but ideas are starting to roll in. A thought piece is being circulated.
2. Business Arising from Report

• Motion to continue existence
• Passed, majority voice vote

Quoting from the minutes of the 1990 Business Meeting, with interpolated comments by Secretary George Flynn: "The Chair (Mr. Pelz) reported that the committee was still doing work and contacting people, and needed to send out letters. - A motion to continue the committee was made and passed. [Also omitted from the list published by Chicon.]"

1. Report
   Bruce Pelz reported that, since last year, he has spent some time worrying but not a lot else. He thought that this was an idea worth doing, but wasn't sold on his being the one to do it. Nonetheless...
2. Business Arising from Report

• Motion to continue existence
• Vote: several "yeahs". lots of nods

1. Report
   Considerable milling, mulling, and muttering about just who should be doing this, when (sacre bleu)...

1. Mover
   Mark Olson, several 2nds
2. Discharge of Committee
   Chair rules this has the effect of discharging the committee whose report had not yet been given; tears, lamentations
3. Vote: unanimous voice vote

1. Meeting times of several committees announced
2. Filing Deadline for 1995 Worldcon Bids
   Notice of intention to bid for the 1995 Worldcon must be in the hands of either Joe Siclari or Tom Veal of MagiCon by 5:00 PM Monday September 2

15:50

1991 August 31 - 10:00 - Hyatt Grand Ballroom F
Presiding Officer-------------------------------- Ross Pavlac
Assistant Presiding Officer -----------------Bruce Pelz
Parliamentarian---------------------------- YaleF Edeiken
Staff Sergeant-at-Arms------------------Theresa Renner
Secretary ------------------------------Richard S. Russell
Timekeeper--------------------------------Kevin Standlee

It was visually apparent that at least 12 people were physically present. Subsequent count of sign-up sheet showed 94 people in addition to table officers.

1. Settlement of Boundary Disputes between Nicotine and Oxygen Breathers
2. Reserved Seats
3. Freebie Tables

Tomorrow during presentations by future selected Worldcon committees. preference will be given to written questions, which may be filed with the secretary.

It is acknowledged that the format used in some printed materials distributed at the con, by which deletions were indicated by subscripting rather than striking them, was not clearly explained and probably produced confusion. The chair ruled that no substantive error had occurred, since it is always assumed that people know what they're voting on if they don't ask for clarification. Nonetheless, for future reference, people are encouraged to (1) use strikethru to indicate deletions and (2) submit motions early enough to get into pre-convention publications.

Presentation by Dick Spelman

Staff Sergeant-at-Arms Theresa Renner announced that, for the good and welfare of the assembly, she was peace-bonding the Parliamentarian's copy of Robert's Rules of Order, Newly Revised. The action was greeted by general applause and approbation.

A question was raised about the nature of the ballot: should it be pre-printed (necessitating putting this business off a day), or would it suffice to have voters write on 3 x 5 cards, as proposed by the Secretary? While this was being hashed out, the Secretary was distributing 3 x 5 cards and thus has no notes on the discussion, but the upshot was that the cards were used.

There were 3 "normal" seats to be filled, for terms due to expire in 1994. In addition, there was 1 "special" seat to be filled, for a term expiring in 1993, formerly held by Colin Fine, who had resigned. The Chair ruled that, using the normal preferential balloting technique, including the exclusion of candidates residing in regions whose quotas were full, the 4th-place finisher would be deemed elected to the special seat.

It was noted that Leslie Turek had been nominated at the Preliminary Session but had declined with thanks. All other nominees had filed written acceptances within the specified deadline.

The Chair suggested that, since no more than 2 nominees from the Eastern region could be elected, voters should vote for no more than 2 Eastern nominees. Rick Katze, on a point of order, said that people should be able to vote for whomever they wished, regardless of region, since the tallying process (not the voting process) was where the regional requirements would be enforced. The Chair agreed that this was the correct interpretation and instructed the voters to vote for people in their true order of preference, adding that voters were free (indeed encouraged) to vote for more than 4 people.

The Chair appointed Kevin Standlee and Richard Russell as tellers; Michael Wallis subsequently replaced Russell at his request. Tellers were instructed to report at the following day's meeting but to post and otherwise publish results as soon as they were known. Exact vote totals appear in the appendix; summary is as follows:

Seat 1: (expires 1994): Donald E. Eastlake III (Eastern Region)
Seat 2: (expires 1994): Scott Dennis (Central Region)
Seat 3: (expires 1994): Ben Yalow (Eastern Region)
Seat 4: (expires 1993): Tie between Stephen Boucher (overseas) and H. Richard Foss (Western Region)

See Program Book Page 153. These constitutional amendments, having been approved in 1990, will become effective at the end of the Business Meeting if ratified this year.

1. Text
   MOVED, to add a new section to Article 2 as follows:
   "Best Original Artwork: Any original piece of Science Fiction or Fantasy artwork first published during the previous calendar year."
2. Movers
   Rick Katze and Sharon Sbarsky
3. Brief Explanation
   This would create a permanent new Hugo category like the special category created by ConFiction for 1990.
4. Close Debate

• Moved by Michael Wallis, many 2nds
• Passed, overwhelming voice vote

1. Vote on Motion: 51-23 (passes)
2. Point of Order
   Rick Katze requested, in view of confusion attendant to several attempts to conduct the foregoing vote, that the Chair use a count of hands as the normal procedure. The Chair agreed to a raising of hands instead of a voice vote, but reserved the need to obtain an actual count of hands for situations when the vote was close.
3. Question of Privilege
   An unidentified member requested that the room be warmed. The hotel has been contacted but atmospheric inertia makes short-term relief unlikely.

1. Text
   MOVED, to amend the Constitution of the World Science Fiction Society by adding the following to Article 1:
   "Any member of the Society shall have the right, under reasonable conditions, to examine the financial records and books of account of the current Worldcon Committee, all future selected Worldcon Committees, and the two immediately preceding Worldcon Committees."
2. Movers
   Donald E. Eastlake III and Jill Eastlake
3. Brief Explanation
   The intent of this amendment is to assure that Worldcon financial reports are reasonably complete and accurate as the committees would know that someone could always check on them.
4. Close Debate
   Moved by many

Passed, overwhelming voice vote

5. Vote on Main Motion: huge-few (passes)

AKA the "Teddy Bear Amendment"

1. Text
   MOVED, to insert a new section in Article 3 as follows:
   "Only natural persons shall be allowed to cast site-selection ballots for other than ‘No Preference’, and no individual shall cast more than one such ballot. (This shall not be interpreted to prohibit delivery of ballots cast by other eligible voters.) ‘No Preference’ ballots may be cast by corporations, associations, and other non-human or artificial entities. ‘Guest of’ memberships must be transferred to individual natural persons before being cast for other than ‘No Preference’, with such transfers accepted by the administering convention."
2. Movers
   Kevin Standlee, Rick Katze. and David Berry
3. Brief Explanation
   This is substantially self-explanatory. One motivation for voting corporate, "Guest of", etc., site-selection ballots is to become eligible for the initial limited fee for conversion to attending.
4. Amendment

• Movers
  Elan Jane Litt and Dick Smith
• Text
  After the words "artificial entities" insert "Such corporations, associations, and other non-human or artificial entities may not nominate or vote for Hugo Awards and may not vote on any matter put before the Business Meeting."
• Ruled out of order
  Insert reasoning here (ask Yale)
• Appeal of ruling by Stuart Hellinger, several 2nds
  Proper parliamentary form of question is "Should the ruling of the chair be sustained?", but it requires a majority in the negative to reverse the chair.
• Gary Greenbaum asked for an immediate vote; no objection
• Hand vote: 39-39
  This result did not include the podium staff. The Timekeeper began an attempt to add their votes to the tally.
• Point of order
  Rick Katze objected that all who wish to vote must do so at the same time. The Chair sustained the objection.
• Request for a standing vote granted by The Chair
• Standing vote: 38-52; chair overruled; amendment now in order
• Parliamentary inquiry
  Rick Katze asked if, in the opinion of the Chair, the passage of this amendment would make the proposed constitutional amendment greater in scope than what was adopted at ConFiction, thus requiring another years delay before ratification would be possible. The Chair ruled that it would.
• Vote on amendment: 32-45 (falls)

Vote on Main Motion: whole lots to hardly any (passes)

1. Purpose
   To permit introduction of just-defeated amendment as a separate constitutional amendment.
2. Movers
   Robert Sacks and unidentified verbal 2nder
3. Hand vote: failed to obtain necessary 2/3 (fails)

AKA the "Liposuction Amendment"

1. Text
   RESOLVED, that the Constitution of the World Science Fiction Society be amended to replace all occurrences of "Mark Registration and Protection Committee" with "Mark Protection Committee".
2. Movers
   Resolution and Rulings of Continuing Effect Compilation Committee
3. Brief Explanation
   This motion would save 14 words in the Constitution by eliminating redundancy in the committee name without changing its Constitutional duties, which are defined in Article 4 Section 7. Under provisions in the Standing Rules, they would also be amended saving further words.
4. Close Debate

• Moved by many
• Passed, overwhelming voice vote

1. Vote on Main Motion: huge-few (passes)

1. Text
   RESOLVED, that the Constitution of the World Science Fiction Society be amended to replace Article 4 Section 1 with the following:
   "The WSFS Constitution may be amended by a motion passed by a simple majority at any Business Meeting but only to the extent that such motion is ratified by a simple majority at the Business Meeting of the subsequent Worldcon."
2. Current Provision
   Any proposal to amend the Constitution of WSFS shall require for passage a majority of all the votes cast on the question at the Business Meeting of WSFS at which it is first debated, and also ratification by a simple majority vote of those members present and voting at a Business Meeting of WSFS held at the Worldcon immediately following that at which the amendment was first approved. Failure to ratify in the manner described shall void the proposed amendment.
3. Movers
   Resolution and Rulings of Continuing Effect Compilation Committee
4. Brief Explanation
   This motion saves 40 words by simplifying the current amendment provision and brings it closer to current practice by explicitly recognizing that an amendment might only be ratified in part.
5. Close Debate (Chair requested and got unanimous consent)
6. Vote on Main Motion: unanimous voice vote in favor (passes)

See Program Book Pages 154-155.

Version A was proposed first. Version B was proposed as a substitute amendment. A committee comprising Eastlake (chair), Epstein, Wallis, Sacks, and Standlee was charged with attempting to reconcile the 2 versions into 1.

1. Version A: Site Selection Extension

• Text
  MOVED, to amend Article 3 of the WSFS Constitution as follows:
  in Section 1, change "three (3)" to "four (4)".
  In Section 6, change "the then current Worldcon" to "the Worldcon following the one at which the overseas Worldcon was selected".
  In Section 8, change "three (3)" to `-four (4)".
• Movers
  Louis Epstein, Mark L. Blackman, Bill Bums, and Catherine M. FitzSimmons
• Brief Explanation
  This motion has the effect of extending lead time for Worldcon site selection to 4 years but leaving lead time for NASFiC site selection at 3 years.

1. Version B: 4-Year Lead Time Amendment

• Text
  Moved, to amend the WSFS Constitution as follows:
  (1) In Articles Section 1 and in Article 3 Section 8, strike out "three (3)" and insert "four (4)".
  (2) In Article 3 Section 6, replace subsection (1) with "(1) Voting shall be by written ballot administered by the Worldcon following the one which selected the non-North American site, or the NASFiC held that year, if there is one. Ballots shall be cast at the administering convention or by mail. Only members of the administering convention shall be eligible to vote."
  (3) In Article 3 Section 4, strike out "and as set by the administering convention but no earlier than the close of the corresponding Worldcon voting for a prospective NASFiC bid." And insert "and, for a prospective NASFiC bid, no later than the last day of the calendar year preceding the year in which the administering convention will take place."
  Provided that:
  (A) Section (1) of this amendment may be adopted or ratified independently of the other sections
  (B) If ratified, this amendment shall take effect with the site selection elections of 1994. The 1994 Worldcon shall select the sites of the 1997 and 1998 Worldcons, and prospective bids for both of these years must be filed with the administering convention prior to the close of the 1993 Worldcon. If a non-North American site is chosen for 1997, the 1994 Worldcon shall select the site of the 1997 NASFiC. If a non-North American site is chosen for 1998, the normal NASFiC selection rules shall apply.
• Movers
  Michael Wallis and Kevin Standlee
• Brief Explanation
  Item (1) changes the lead time for selecting Worldcons from 3 to 4 years. Item (2) changes the lead time for a NASFiC, when required, to 1 year less than the Worldcon lead time. If a non-North American site is selected, the Worldcon (or NASFiC, if there is one) held the year following that election would select a NASFiC for the "skipped" zone. Item (3) requires NASFiC bidders to file by the last day of the year preceding their site-selection balloting. Note that if items (2) and (3) are ratified and (1) is not, the NASFiC site selection time would be reduced to 2 years.

1. Committee Reports
   Chair Don Eastlake reported that it was the unanimous recommendation of the committee appointed to consider these two proposals that version B, with no changes, be substituted for version A. Without objection, it was so ordered.
2. Amendment

• Text
  Change 4 years to 5 years
• Movers
  James R Madden and Mike Lalor
• Vote on amendment: few-many (fails)

1. Close debate
   Moved by Ruth Sachter, unidentified verbal 2nd, passed by 2/3 of hands
2. Vote on Main Motion: 19-59 (fails)
3. Points of Order

• Rick Katze requests expedited hand count when results are obvious. Chair agrees.
• Evelyn Leeper requests Chair refrain from trying to influence outcome while voting is taking place. Chair agrees.

1. Text
   MOVED: To amend Article 2 Section 21 by adding the following paragraph:
   "After a tentative winner is determined, then unless ‘No Award’ shall be the winner, the following additional test shall be made. if the number of ballots containing votes listing `No Award’ higher than the tentative winner plus the number of ballots listing ‘No Award’ but not the winner is greater than the number of ballots listing the tentative winner higher than ‘No Award’ plus the number of ballots listing the tentative winner but not ‘No Award’, then ‘No Award’ shall be declared the winner of the election."
   and to amend Article 3 Section 3 by adding the following to the end of the 5th sentence:
   "and shall be the equivalent of ‘No Award’ with respect to the last paragraph of Article 2 Section 21".
2. Movers
   Richard C. Spelman, Judith C. Bemis, Catherine M. FitzSimmons, Robert E. Sacks, Roger Sims, Tim Illingworth, Michael J. Walsh, Sam Moskowitz, Seth Breidbart, Drew Sanders, Peggy Rae Pavlat, Stuart C. Hellinger, Robert L. Hillis, and Elizabeth Gross; substitute amendment authored by Ben Yalow
3. Brief Explanation
   The above ignores ballots which list neither the tentative winner nor "No Award" and treats those who vote for only one of those two as voting for the other below the one they voted for. It then gives the award to "No Award" if more people vote "No Award" higher than the tentative winner.
4. Division of Question

• Movers
  Steve Whitmore and unidentified verbal 2nder
• Hand vote on division: some in favor, more opposed (falls)

1. Close Debate

• Movers
  Bruce Pelz and unidentified verbal 2nder
• Voice vote: passes

1. Hand Vote on Main Motion: Most in favor, some opposed (passes)

1. Text of Main Motion (10 minutes)
   MOVED, To amend Article 2 Section 21 of the WSFS Constitution as follows:
   This process shall be repeated until a majority vote winner is obtained until only one nominee (*) remains.
   ALSO MOVED, To amend Article 2 Section 17 of the WSFS Constitution as follows:
   In any event, No Award shall be given whenever the total number of valid ballots cast for a specific category is less than twenty-five percent (25%) of the total number of final Award ballots (excluding those cast for No Award) received issued for any category when. after tallying is completed. the remaining nominee has not received at least as many votes as 1/4 (one-quarter) the number of member ballots expressing a preference (including No Award) in the category.
   PROVIDED. that if "Counting of No Award" passes, the words "and No Award' shall be inserted at the bullet (*) above.
2. Movers
   Darrell A. Martin and YaleF Edeiken
3. Brief Explanation
   This motion would clarify that the method for determining whether No Award would be given in a category would be based on the proportion of votes received by the top vote-getter after all others are eliminated via preferential balloting.
4. Amendment

• Text
  Strike the 1st "Moved" clause, the word "Also", and the "Provided" clause
• Movers
  Robert Sacks, unidentified verbal 2nd
• Voice vote on amendment: passes
• Revised Wording
  MOVED, To amend Article 2 Section 17 of the WSFS Constitution as follows:
  In any event, No Award shall be given whenever the total number of valid ballots cast for a specific category is less than twenty-five percent (25%) of the total number of final Award ballots (excluding those cast for No Award) received issued for any category when. after tallying is completed. the remaining nominee has not received at least as many votes as 1/4 (one-quarter) the number of member ballots expression a preference (including No Award) in the category.

1. Substitute Amendment

• Text
  MOVED, To amend Article 2 Section 17 of the WSFS Constitution as follows:
  In any event, No Award shall be given whenever the total number of valid ballots cast for a specific category (excluding those cast for No Award) is less than twenty-five percent (25%) of the total number of final Award ballots (excluding those cast for No Award) received
• Movers
  Robert Sacks and unidentified verbal 2nder

1. Postponement

• Mark Olson moved to postpone motion and pending amendment to tomorrow
• Vote: unnecessary, since proposal was greeted with thunderous applause

1. Committee Appointment
   The Chair named Darrell Martin (chair), Robert Sacks, George Flynn, and Ben Yalow to study this motion, perfect the wording, analyze the effect, and report back to tomorrow's session on their findings and recommendations.

1. Text
   MOVED, to replace Article 4 Section 10 of the WSFS Constitution by:
   "The Constitution of WSFS, together with an explanation of proposed changes approved but not yet ratified, and the Standing Rules shall be printed by the current Worldcon Committee, distributed to all WSFS members at a point between nine and three months prior to the Worldcon, and distributed to all WSFS members in attendance at the Worldcon upon registration"
   and also MOVED, to add after the first sentence in Article 2 Section 18, the following:
   "The Committee shall include with each nomination ballot a copy of Article 2 of the WSFS Constitution."
2. Movers
   Mark Olson, Rick Katze and Sharon Sbarsky
3. Brief Explanation
   A timely distribution of the Hugo nominations ballots at the beginning of the year should increase participation in the nomination process. Unfortunately, the WSFS Constitution currently requires that the entire Constitution be distributed with the nomination ballot. If a Progress Report happens to be scheduled at the beginning of the year, this is no problem, but if the Worldcon committee wants to do a first class mailing of the ballot, this requirement may add significant cost, since the inclusion of the entire Constitution can push the weight of the entire mailing above an ounce, and since printing and collating loose sheets is often more expensive than including them in a PR.
   This motion retains the requirement that both the Constitution and the Hugo nomination ballot be mailed to all members, but permits the Worldcon committee to sever their distribution when appropriate.
4. Close Debate (by popular demand)
5. Vote on Main Motion: Many hands in favor (passes)

1. Text
   MOVED to amend the WSFS Constitution as follows:
   (1) Change Article 1 Section 2A to read: "To choose the recipients of the annual Hugo Awards"
   (2) In Article 1 Section 7, omit the words: "Science Fiction Achievement Awards"
   (3) Change the title of Article 2 to "Hugo Awards", and change Article 2 Section 1 to read: "Selection of the Hugo Awards shall be made as follows in the subsequent sections of this article."
   (4) Change the last sentence of Article 2 Section 15 to read: "Articles created under this section shall be considered to be Hugo Awards."
2. Movers
   Mark Olson, Rick Katze and Gay Ellen Dennett
3. Brief Explanation
   This motion would replace the remainder of the usage of "Science Fiction Achievement Award" in the WSFS Constitution with "Hugo Award". WSFS’s awards are known universally by the name Hugo awards except in about half of the WSFS Constitution where the term "Science Fiction Achievement Award" is used. (The rest of the WSFS Constitution also calls them simply the "Hugo Awards".) The term "Science Fiction Achievement Award" has neither current nor historical significance, nor have we been able to gain service mark protection for the term, as it is deemed to be merely descriptive.
4. Close Debate (by popular demand)
5. Vote on Main Motion: Many hands in favor (passes)

1. Text
   MOVED, to amend Article 2 Section 12 by adding the words "or in generally available electronic media" at the end of the section.
2. Movers
   Patrick Nielsen Hayden and Saul Jaffe
3. Brief Explanation
   This would make eligible fanwriters whose work appeared not only in fanzines or semiprozines, but would expand it to include fanwriting that had appeared in the electronic media, including the internet; Usenet; and pay services such as Compuserve, GEnie, and Prodigy.
4. Close Debate

• Movers
  Kay Janet, unidentified verbal 2nder
• Hand vote: many in favor (passes)

1. Hand Vote on Main Motion: 42-31 (passes)

1. Text
   MOVED, to amend Article 4 Section 10 by adding the following sentence:
   "Within two (2) months after the end of each Worldcon, the Committee shall send a copy of all changes to the Constitution and the Standing Rules, and all items awaiting ratification, to the next Worldcon Committee."
2. Movers
   Ben Yalow and Mark Olson
3. Brief Explanation
   This gives a deadline for the information that the next committee needs if they are to follow the rest of the requirements in this section.
4. Close Debate (by popular demand)
5. Hand Vote on Main Motion: many - few (passes)

1. Text
   MOVED, To amend Article 4 Section 6 of the WSFS Constitution by inserting the words "after the end of the Business Meeting" after the word "Worldcon" in the sentence "There will be a meeting of the Mark Registration and Protection Committee at each Worldcon, at a time and place announced at the Business Meeting."
2. Movers
   WSFS Mark Registration and Protection Committee
3. Brief Explanation
   It is desired to have an MRPC meeting shortly after the new members are elected and a representative from the newly chosen Worldcon (and NASFiC, if any) committees are named, when all or most are likely to be present.
4. Close Debate

• Movers
  Mark Olson, unidentified verbal 2nder
• Voice vote: several "yeah"s to a few mutters (passes)

1. Hand Vote on Main Motion: many in favor (passes)

1. Permission to introduce
   Robert Sacks asked the consent of the Chair to introduce new business not previously submitted. Chair granted consent.
2. Text
   Amend the section newly added to Article 3 of the Constitution by inserting, after the words "artificial entities", the following sentence: "Such corporations, associations, and other non-human or artificial entities may not nominate or vote for Hugo Awards and may not vote on any matter put before the Business Meeting."
3. Movers
   Robert Sacks, Rick Katze, and Kevin Standlee
4. Brief Explanation
   The Teddy Bear Amendment just ratified restricts site-selection balloting, in general, to natural persons. This amendment would extend the same requirement to the Hugo Awards and WSFS Business Meetings as well.
5. Postponement
   Automatically postponed to the end of the agenda in tomorrow's session.

1. Distribution of Minutes of the 1991 Business Meeting
   Free copies will be available to each member of the Business Meeting staff, each member of the Mark and Registration Protection Committee, and the committee for each selected future Worldcon. Anyone else wishing to receive a copy should provide the secretary with her or his legible name and address and US$1.00 to cover expenses.
2. Financial Reports
   All worldcon committees with an active treasury are required to file a financial report with the Business Meeting. At close of business on Friday, only ConFiction and Magicon had done so. The others are encouraged to do so ipso quicko.
3. Miscellaneous Committee Meeting Announcements

12:55

1991 September 1 - 10:00 - Hyatt Grand Ballroom F
Presiding Officer-------------------------------- Ross Pavlac
Assistant Presiding Officer -----------------Bruce Pelz
Parliamentarian---------------------------- YaleF Edeiken
Staff Sergeant-at-Arms------------------Theresa Renner
Secretary ------------------------------Richard S. Russell
Timekeeper--------------------------------Kevin Standlee

It was visually apparent that at least 12 people were physically present. There were 121 people on the sign-up sheet, in addition to the table officers.

1. Settlement of Boundary Disputes between Nicotine and Oxygen Breathers
2. Reserved Seats
3. Freebie Tables

Darrell Martin read the numeric totals (appended), but the bottom line was that Winnipeg edged out Louisville, 1012-957.

1. Winnipeg
   John Mansfield thanked the voters and announced luminaries:

• Writer Guest of Honor Anne McCaffrey
• Artist Guest of Honor George Barr
• Toastmaster Barry B. Longyear
• Fan Guest of Honor Robert Runte

1. Louisville
   Dick Spelman congratulated the winners, said that his committee fully supported the Winnipeg worldcon, noted that it had been a good hard fight but hoped that all concerned would remain friends. He said that, if anyone from the Louisville bid could help, the Conadian committee had but to ask for it. The Louisville party would go on tonight to thank all of the bid's supporters.

Darrell Martin commented that, 24 hours ago, he had known almost nothing about conducting a site-selection balloting, and now he considered himself a world-class expert. He thanked those involved in his accelerated curriculum:

• Kevin Standlee, WSFS Division Stan
• Steve Francis, co-chair, Louisville in ‘94 Bid Committee
• Dick Spelman, member, Louisville in ‘94 Bid Committee
• Covert Beach, WSFS Assistant Division Manager
• Rick Katze, additional observer present at request of division manager
• Linda Ross-Mansfield, chair, Winnipeg in ‘94 Bid Committee
• Kent Bloom, friend, observer from Winnipeg in ‘94 Bid Committee

Martin noted that all concerned acted professionally and with unfailing courtesy.

• Appointments to Committees Authorized at Main Session #1
  Ross Pavlac identified the following members of the Hugo Preservation Committee: Bruce Pelz (chair), Debbie Notkin, Peggy Rae Pavlat, and Ben Yalow. He deferred to Robert Sacks (next item) for a list of WRGEC members.
• Worldcon Runner's Guide Editorial Committee
  Robert Sacks listed the members of the committee as reorganized yesterday: Robert Sacks (chair and secretary), Ross Pavlac (executive officer and editor), David Berry, Jim Gilpatrick, Hal Haag, Chris O'Shea, Kees van Toorn. Mike Glyer has resigned, citing the press of other obligations. Kevin Standlee has joined the subcommittee on Hugo Administration. The committee has authorized the appointment of volunteers as subcommittee chairs. Winton Matthews is appointed chair of the subcommittee on aid.
• Mark Registration and Protection Committee Election Results
  Kevin Standlee listed the results, which appear in yesterday's minutes.

Richard Foss withdrew in favor of Stephen Boucher.

Robert Sacks moved a vote of thanks to Foss; adopted by acclamation.

1. 1992 Worldcon (MagiCon In Orlando)
   Joe Siclari made the presentation. He noted that people can make room reservations starting Sep. 9, but that they should not contact the hotels directly; they should go thru the convention bureau to get anything resembling a reasonable rate. The correct Marriott of those available in Orlando is the one at the corner of Sand Lake and International.
2. 1993 Worldcon (ConFrancisco in San Francisco)
   Michael Wallis made the presentation. A financial statement was distributed. New agreements have been struck with 5 hotels, giving a total of 1850 committed rooms, with more in the works. 2336 members have already signed up. Next PR, in newsletter format, will be out in November. Tea and social 1-4 PM.
   Question about union dispute with Park 55 Hotel. Nothing is settled yet.
   Number of rooms seems low. More hotels being dealt with.
   Scott Dennis asked why dealer deposits are being accepted. since official letters haven't yet been sent to dealers, as promised earlier. Peggy Rae Pavlat said the letters will be sent out shortly.
   Ross Pavlac asked unanimous consent to send the best wishes of the WSFS Business Meeting to ConFrancisco Chair Terry Biffel. Granted. Biffel has recently been diagnosed with lung cancer, but it was caught early and is said to be treatable.

1. Atlanta
   Don Cook, wearing a Glasgow T-shirt, made the presentation. Same facilities as before; lower floors available for acrophobes. Hotel space reserved Wed.-Tue. over Labor Day weekend.
2. Glasgow
   Tim Illingworth, wearing an Atlanta T-shirt, made the presentation. New facilities reserved Wed.-Tue. for last weekend in August (a bank holiday on the weekend preceding Labor Day weekend in the US). Much of it is single-level (lowlands). Question about why Atlanta T-shirts are so much more colorful than Glasgow’s; being Scottish, Illingworth noted, they didn't want to spend very much on publicity

Ross Pavlac said he was willing, without objection. to make 5 minutes available to each additional Worldcon bidder. No objection.

1. Los Angeles in 1996
   Bruce Pelz and Mike Glyer are rotating chairs; this being Pelz's year, he made the presentation. He said the Anaheim Hilton, site of LAcon 2, had added another 150,000-square-foot hall just after he'd finally decided to use the leftover 100,000-square-foot hall for a concourse a la Noreascon 3.
2. San Antonio in 1997
   No representative present.
3. Chicago in 2000 (Aardvark bid)
   Ross Pavlac answered 2 questions about the possible bid: Yes. it would again be in the downtown Hyatt. No, he was not crazy enough to chair it again. No comment on who was. A different group. associated with CapriCon, is exploring the possibility of bidding as well, using the Hyatt Regency O'Hare (near Windycon) as a site.

These are being accepted in writing. They will be distributed with minutes of the WSFS Business Meeting. MagiCon and ConFrancisco also distributed copies at the Business Meeting.

1. Noreascon 3 (Boston, 1989)
2. ConFiction (Den Haag, 1990)
3. Chicon V (Chicago, 1991)
4. MagiCon (Orlando, 1992)
5. ConFrancisco (San Francisco, 1993)

1. Version A: Main Motion As Amended

• MOVED, To amend Article 2 Section 17 of the WSFS Constitution as follows:
  In any event, No Award shall be given whenever the total number of valid ballots cast for a specific category is less than twenty-five percent (25%) of the total number of final Award ballots (excluding those cast for No Award) received issued for any category when. after tallying is completed. the remaining nominee has not received at least as many votes as 1/4 (one-quarter) the number of member ballots expressing a preference (including No Award) in the category.
• Movers
  Darrell A. Martin and YaleF Edeiken

1. Version B: Substitute Amendment

• Text
  MOVED, To amend Article 2 Section 17 of the WSFS Constitution as follows:
  In any event, No Award shall be given whenever the total number of valid ballots cast for a specific category (excluding those cast for No Award) is less than twenty-five percent (25%) of the total number of final Award ballots (excluding those cast for No Award) received
• Movers
  Robert Sacks and unidentified verbal 2nder

1. Committee Report
   Main Session #1 had postponed this motion, with its substitute amendment still pending, to a special committee comprising Darrell Martin (chair), Robert Sacks, George Flynn, and Ben Yalow to study Versions A and B of this motion, perfect the wording, analyze the effect, and report back to Main Session #2 on their findings and recommendations. The committee favored Version B, except the entirety of the insertion should be "(excluding those cast for No Award in first place)".
2. Time Limit

• Time for debate had expired during Main Session #1.
• Gary Greenbaum, on a point of information, asked whether the 10-minute time limit was automatically renewed each day. The Chair said it was not.
• Gary Greenbaum asked unanimous consent for another 10 minutes of debate time. No objection.

1. Hand Vote on Main Motion: unanimously in favor (passes)

1. Text
   Amend the section newly added to Article 3 of the Constitution by inserting, after the words "artificial entities", the following sentence: "Such corporations, associations, and other non-human or artificial entities may not nominate or vote for Hugo Awards and may not vote on any matter put before the Business Meeting."
2. Movers
   Robert Sacks, Rick Katze, and Kevin Standlee
3. Brief Explanation
   The Teddy Bear Amendment just ratified restricts site-selection balloting, in general, to natural persons. This amendment would extend the same requirement to the Hugo Awards and WSFS Business Meetings as well.
4. "Natural Person" Substitute Amendment

• Text (prepared by Richard S. Russell)
  (1) Amend the section newly inserted in Article 3 as follows:
  Only natural persons shall be allowed to cast site-selection ballots for other than "No Preference", and no individual shall cast more than one such ballot. (This shall not be interpreted to prohibit delivery of ballots cast by other eligible voters.) "No Preference" ballots may be cast by corporations, associations, and other non-human or artificial entities. "Guest of" memberships must be transferred to individual natural persons before being cast for other than "No Preference", with such transfers accepted by the administering convention.
  (2) Add the following section to Article 4:
  In all matters arising under this Constitution, only natural persons may introduce business, nominate, or vote, except as specifically provided otherwise in this Constitution. No person may cast more than one vote on any issue or more than one ballot in any election. This shall not be interpreted to prohibit delivery of ballots cast by other eligible voters.
• Brief Explanation
  A general rule should be stated in a general manner, rather than as a series of exceptions to a specific rule. This proposal would restrict all WSFS business (not merely items on an enumerated list) to natural persons, but would allow exceptions if listed in the Constitution. It would preserve the exception already adopted for site-selection balloting.

1. Close Debate

• Moved by Scott Dennis
• Vote: some "yeahs", no effort made at obtaining dissent

1. Vote on Main Motion: very many to 3 (passes)
2. Point of Order
   Lawrence Ruh objected that no vote had been taken on whether to substitute the amendment for the main motion. The Chair stated his understanding that the movers of the main motion had agreed to accept the substitute wording. This was confirmed by Robert Sacks.

1. Mover
   Kent Bloom, for purpose of introducing a new Constitutional amendment on site selection
2. Vote on suspension: very many to 2 (passes)

1. Text
   Moved: To amend the WSFS Constitution as follows:
   (1) Change "three years" to "two years" wherever it appears in Article 3.
   (2) Change "the close of the previous Worldcon" to "six months prior to the official opening of the administering Worldcon" in Article 3 Section 4.
   effective for 1998 and subsequent Worldcons and NASFiCs.
2. Movers
   Kent Bloom, Scott Dennis, Mark Olson, Tim Illingworth, and Bruce E. Pelz
3. Brief Explanation
   Item (1) would change the lead time for site selection from 3 to 2 years. Item (2) would change the lead time needed for making a Worldcon bid official from roughly a year (end of previous Worldcon) to six months prior to the Worldcon which would administer the site selection.
4. Division of Question

• Mover
  Michael Wallis and unidentified verbal 2nder
• Vote: many people in favor (passes): question divided: each considered separately below

1. Text
   Moved: To amend the WSFS Constitution to change "three years" to "two years" wherever it appears in Article 3, effective for 1998 and subsequent Worldcons and NASFiCs.
2. Time Limit

• 20, few-many
• some-more
• 6 (default for 27 words), lots-few (passes)
• 5
• 3

1. Point of Information
   Do effective dates apply separately? Intent of movers is that the 1995 Worldcon would do no site selection. The effective date would apply to the 1st clause only.
2. Extend Debate

• Moved by Mark Olson, for an additional 4 minutes, no apparent 2nd
• unanimous consent requested and granted
• Time subsequently expires

1. Hand Vote on Main Motion: 37-38 (fails)
2. Point of Order

• Gary Greenbaum notes that the Chair had voted. Ross Pavlac explained that his vote was not counted in the official tally. Greenbaum says that, nonetheless, it may have unfairly influenced the voting.
• Greenbaum requests division of the house. Falls to obtain support of 10% of assembly and dies.
• Ross says he's sorry he gave the appearance of voting.

1. Text
   Moved: To amend the WSFS Constitution to change "the close of the previous Worldcon" to "six months prior to the official opening of the administering Worldcon" in Article 3 Section 4.
2. Time Limit

• 6 (default for 31 words), no one in favor
• 3, lots in favor

1. Amendment
   It was suggested that "180 days" would be more specific and thus easier to administer than "six months". Kent Bloom accepted the amendment.
2. Close Debate
   Without objection
3. Hand Vote on Main Motion: unanimously in favor (passes)
   Chair notes it will be effective at the end of MagiCon if ratified there.

1. Moved by Robert Sacks
2. Hand Vote: unanimously in favor (passes)

1. Distribution of Minutes of the 1991 Business Meeting
   Free copies will be available to each member of the Business Meeting staff, each member of the Mark and Registration Protection Committee, and the committee for each selected future Worldcon. Anyone else wishing to receive a copy should provide the Secretary with her or his legible name and address and US$1.00 to cover expenses.

11:44

• 1.1 United States of America
  The Association of Energy Engineers, which runs several annual conferences, decided to combine them all in April this year in Anaheim, California, under the name "Worldcon ‘91" (see example of their advertising included herewith). when our attorney contacted them, their attorney fought back pretty strongly claiming the uses were unrelated, that all their printed material had already been distributed so they could not practically put a disclaimer on it (when in reality some of it had not even been printed yet), etc.
  As it became clear that this infringement was going to be a serious problem, the Committee contacted a number of upcoming and former Worldcon Committees to seek financial assistance and an agreement to, if necessary, become co-plaintiffs in a law suit. All upcoming and former Worldcon committee have some rights to use the WSFS marks and therefor are licensees of the WSFS with standing to sue. Massachusetts Convention Fandom, Inc., (MCFI, which ran Noreascon Two and Three), the Southern California Institute for Fan Interests, Inc., (SCIFI, which ran LACon II), and Worldcon Atlanta, Inc., (which ran ConFederation), all agreed to appoint the WSFS attorney as their attorney, to provide limited financial aid, and, if necessary, to be co-plaintiffs.
  Reinforced with these additional clients, our attorney was able, by threats of legal action, to get the Association of Energy Engineers to entered into an agreement to use a different name (they plan to use GLOBALCON) for their 1992 meeting and to post disclaimers at their 1991 meeting. You should note that we were in fairly strong position as (1) the WORLDCON mark had been registered for five years and we had filed the appropriate affidavits of continuing use so that it had achieved "incontestable" status, (2) Worldcon Atlanta, with offices in the same city as the Association of Energy Engineers, and SCIFI, with operates in the same area as the planned infringing "Worldcon ‘91", were both joining in the action, thus eliminating most arguments related to geographic separation.
  The legal cost through this initial agreement were $2,400, very low for such things, which were shared equally by the Mark Registration and Protection Committee (MRPC), MCFI, SCIFI, and Worldcon Atlanta.
  Unfortunately, the Fairmont Press, Inc., which appears to be the publishing arm of the Association of Energy Engineers (AEE), had immediately filed an application to register WORLDCON for their conferences when we first contacted AEE and we were unable to get them to agree to withdraw this application. In fact, as of this writing, the have successfully requested that their application be expedited. In addition, they have passed the first stage of trademark registration were the government trademark examiner listens only to the applicant. Their attorneys convinced the examiner that their and our uses were different enough that there was no likelihood of confusion. This put the mark in the queue to be published in the Trademark Gazette for formal opposition.
  Our attorney has filed a protest pointing out that there is a major overlap in the anticipated audiences of the two types of conventions, that some people were actually confused in that they called Worldcon Atlanta when they wanted the AEE, and that AEE has already signed an agreement to use another name. This protest was done before the official publication of their application for public comment. To protest after publication would involve us in a quasi-judicial proceeding at significantly greater expense.
  Our attorney is hopeful that this protest will block publication and cause the their application to be rejected. However, the person who would decided this in the Trademark Office is on vacation this week so we will not know for a while.
  The Committee wishes to extend its sincerest thanks to MCFI, SCIFI, and Worldcon Atlanta for the support they have provided and are continuing to provide in this effort to protect the Worldcon name.
• 1.2 United Kingdom
  An International Bulletin Board Convention for operators of electronic bulletin boards was held in July in the United Kingdom and called "Worldcon ‘91". Its organizers were contacted by Tim lllingworth, committee member in the United Kingdom. He reports that they were very cooperative and apologetic, agreed to print a disclaimer as specified by Tim in their program book, and agreed not to use the mark again. However, as of yet we have no documentation to back this up. Recent attempts to get them to send us a copy of their program book or a letter agreeing to the above in writing appear to have been ignored.
• 1.3 Australia
  Due to some sort of confusion at the Perth, Australia, Convention Bureau or bad communications with them, the Australia Tourist Bureau in the United States, and its branches, were listing the Worldcon as one of the things you might want to go to Australia to see in January (!)1994. This has been corrected and the listing will be dropped.

1. UK Registration
   The WORLDCON mark is now registered in the United Kingdom in Class 41 and we have received the registration certificate. WORLDCON is also in process for registration in Class 35 and, in addition, the marks WSFS, WORLD SCIENCE FICTION SOCIETY, WORLD SCIENCE FICTION CONVENTION and HUGO AWARD are in process for registration, all in the United Kingdom.
2. Canadian Registration
   The Committee is renewing its efforts to register the WSFS marks in Canada.
3. Committee Meetings
   The time shown in the Chicon Pocket Program for the second Committee meeting (2PM Sunday) is inconvenient for several members of the Committee. Furthermore, because it is scheduled before the possible Monday morning Business Meeting, it could occur without the newly elected Committee members having taken their seats. Therefore, the Committee has decided to meet at 10AM Monday in place of the Business Meeting if there is no Business Meeting that day or 15 minutes after the adjournment of the Business Meeting if there is one Monday. This meeting will be in the same room as the Business Meeting, Grand F, or if that is unavailable at another location to be announced.
   To avoid this problem in future the Committee makes the following motion:

• Policies
  The following policies are generally looked on with favor by the Committee and will come up for ratification at the Committee meeting after the Business Meeting. They are listed here so that people who are interested will have an idea what the Committee is thinking about.
• 5.1 Mark Priorities
  Due to the problems that have actually been encountered with infringement, the Committee will give highest priority to registration in additional countries of the WORLDCON mark, second priority to HUGO AWARD and third priority to the other marks. In addition, the Committee will consider registering WORLDCON in additional classes if appropriate.
• 5.2 Target Countries
  Current Committee target countries for registration are all those in which two or more Worldcons have been held: United States of America, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. (Effective in 1992, registration in the United Kingdom should provide protection through out Europe.) The committee plans to add Japan to this list.
• 5.3 Observers
  The Committee plans to appoint an official observer for the Committee in any target country where no Committee members reside.
• 5.4 Trademark Watch
  The Committee plan to purse a trade mark watch for conflicting marks, particularly with WORLDCON and HUGO AWARD. To do this through a trade mark watch company would cost $140 per mark per year for a world wide gazette watch. This would yield notification on any official publication for public comment of an similar mark anywhere in the world. Unfortunately, to get a really thorough world wide watch, which would include applications, state registrations, telephone listings, common law name databases, etc., would cost about $900 per mark per year commercially which is mote than the Committee can afford
• 5.5 SF World
  The Committee plans to take no action concerning "SF World", a magazine published in China.
• Finances
  A separate financial report is attached.
• Membership
  A list of the committee membership is attached. Colin Fine is not listed as he resigned during the past year. He stated that the reason for his resignation was a change in his life orientation which meant that he would not be attending Worldcons for the foreseeable future.
  Thus there are four slots to be filled by election at this year's Business Meeting. Due to the zonal residence restrictions, no more than two of these can be filled by persons from the Eastern zone, no more than two can be filled from the Central zone, no more than one from the Western zone, and any number up to all can be filled from outside North America.