Minutes of the 1994 WSFS Business Meeting

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1994 WSFS BUSINESS MEETING MINUTES

The World Science Fiction Society (WSFS) Business Meeting at ConAdian, the 1994 Worldcon, consisted of one preliminary meeting and two main meetings. All the meetings were held in Meeting Room 1 of the Winnipeg Convention Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba. The podium staff for all meetings were: Donald Eastlake, Presiding Officer; George Flynn, Secretary; Kevin Standlee, Parliamentarian; and Rick Katze, Timekeeper.

Preliminary Business Meeting,

Friday, Sept. 2, 1994

The meeting was called to order at 12:08 P.M.

Corrections to 1993 Minutes -- Ms. Sbarsky reported that in the Mark Protection Committee election results (Sunday, p. 2), the first-round vote for Gary Feldbaum for the 2nd seat was 28, not 38, votes. -- Mr. Sacks said that his motion on separation of the NASFiC (Friday, p. 12) had been mistyped, and that his speech on "a turtle called Goldfish" (Saturday, p. 4) had been completely misrepresented. -- Mr. Jaffe noted that his name had been misspelled.

Business Passed On from ConFrancisco

(Items 1-3 were given first passage at ConFrancisco, and would become part of the WSFS Constitution if ratified. The explanations set off in angle brackets <thus> are those published in the ConAdian Souvenir Book, etc. Here and elsewhere, the numbers assigned to motions are those used in the printed agenda, with some extensions for items submitted late.)

1. Retro-Hugos

MOVED, to amend Article II, Hugo Awards, of the WSFS Constitution by adding:

Section 2.11: Retrospective Hugos. A Worldcon held 50, 75, or 100 years after a Worldcon at which no Hugos were presented may conduct nominations and elections for Hugos which would have been presented at that previous Worldcon. Procedures shall be as for the current Hugos. Categories receiving insufficient numbers of nominations may be dropped. Once retrospective Hugos have been awarded for a Worldcon, no other Worldcon shall present retrospective Hugos for that Worldcon.

Ms. Lurie asked when it would be in order to propose amendments. The Chair said that it could be done, but with restrictions; he suggested that on the first pass one should simply give notice of one's intention to propose amendments. -- The default debate time was 20 minutes; 10, 2, 5, and 15 minutes were also proposed; 5 minutes was voted. [In all decisions on debate time, voting began with the longest time and proceeded downward until a majority was obtained.] -- Mr. Sacks gave notice of a motion to restrict the authorization to six Hugos.

2. Modify NASFiC Provisions

MOVED, to change Section 3.8.4 of the WSFS Constitution to: If "None of the Above" wins, or if no eligible bid files by the deadline, then no NASFiC shall be held and any voting fees collected for the NASFiC site selection shall be refunded by the administering convention without undue delay.

Default debate time 20 minutes; 10, 2, 1, and 5 minutes also proposed; 5 minutes voted.

3. Modification of Campbell Award

MOVED, to amend Section 2.6 of the WSFS Constitution by striking out "John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best New Writer" and inserting "John W. Campbell Award for Best New Science Fiction Writer".

<This change reflects the wishes of the sponsor of the Campbell Award, Dell Publications. It has no impact on the eligibility rules.> [However, the sponsors had since repudiated the motion. --G.F.]

The Secretary had pointed out in the agenda that the motion might be divided into (1) the deletion of "Memorial" and (2) the addition of "Science Fiction". Mr. Bloom requested such a division. Mr. Olson made a point of privilege: that the pending motion should be resolved before setting debate time(s). The question was divided. Ms. Lurie moved to delete the addition of "Science Fiction"; the Chair ruled that it was too late to do this. Mr. Yalow asked if we could reconsider the division, and then vote to make the deletion; the Chair confirmed that this could be done, although it was not allowed by Robert's Rules. Mr. Olson moved to suspend the rules and reconsider the division of the question: the motion passed. On reconsideration, the motion to divide the question was defeated. Ms. Lurie then moved to delete the addition of "Science Fiction" (debate time: 6 minutes): the motion passed many-few. -- The default debate time on the motion as amended was 6 minutes; 1, 2, and 5 minutes also proposed; 1 minute voted. (Mr. Breidbart asked what would happen if all the proposed debate times were voted down. The Chair replied that the default time would stand.)

Committee Reports

4. Report of WSFS Mark Protection Committee -- Mr. Eastlake submitted the committee's report [transcribed below], and announced that the committee's second meeting at ConAdian would be held on Sunday after the Business Meeting (rather than on Monday as previously announced).

WSFS Mark Protection Committee Report to the ConAdian Business Meeting

1. British Trademarks

Our British mark registrations are coming up for renewal, as they will every five years. Thus far we renewed WORLDCON, WSFS, and HUGO AWARD. We have WORLDCON also registered in a separate category and it will have to be renewed in November to keep that registration.

2. Jewish World Connection Learning Program

Another organization started an Internet mailing list under the name worldcon@israel.nysernet.com. After some correspondence, they agreed to stop using the name "worldcon" if our attorney said they should. Our attorney has so indicated and our attorney's letter will be communicated to the Jewish World Connection Learning Program.

Prompted by this, the committee has decided that wsfs.org and worldcon.org should be registered as Internet domain names and set up so that mail to appropriate "users" at those addresses [will] be forwarded to the recently set up worldcon@world.std.com account/mailing list[,] which consists of the MPC members with email addresses and the seated Worldcons.

3. GEnie RTC

A GEnie real time conference was scheduled with the subject of ConAdian but announcements for the conference used "World SF Con . . .", which causes confusion with "World SF, an International Association of Science Fiction Professionals", instead of the proper names "Worldcon" or "World Science Fiction Convention". When this problem was forcefully pointed out to them, they cancelled the conference.

4. Canadian Marks

Work on registering the WSFS marks in Canada is progressing.

5. Committee Mail Address

It should be noted that the current chair and secretary of the committee have indicated that they do not plan to stand for office for the 1994/1995 committee year. The committee's current address is a PO box in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and this address has become embedded in various databases. Anyone willing to service this PO box is encouraged to contact the committee. [A volunteer has since been found. --G.F.]

(s) Donald E. Eastlake, III

Nominations for Elected Members of Mark Protection Committee -- Three members of the committee were to be elected for a three-year term, and one for a one-year term (to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of John Lorentz). The first three persons elected would receive three-year terms, and the fourth the one-year term. No more than three elected members may reside (when elected) in each of the regions described in Section 3.6 of the Constitution.

The current elected members were:

Elected until ConAdian (terms expiring): Scott Dennis (Central), Donald Eastlake (Eastern), Ben Yalow (Eastern)

Elected until Intersection: Tim Illingworth (overseas), Bruce Pelz (Western), vacancy

Elected until L.A.con III: Stephen Boucher (overseas), Gary Feldbaum (Eastern), Sue Francis (Central)

Thus up to two members might be elected from any of the North American regions, or up to four members from overseas. -- Nominations were called for, and received for the following: Ben Yalow (Eastern region), Scott Dennis (Central). Stuart Hellinger (Eastern), Donald Eastlake (Eastern), Glen Boettcher (Central), Elayne Pelz (Western), Kent Bloom (Western). [The Secretary subsequently received written acceptances from all the nominees except Ms. Pelz, who declined nomination; she asked that the record show that she used a five-finger gesture.] -- The election would take place at the Saturday session of the Business Meeting.

5. Report of the Special Committee to Codify Business Meeting Resolutions -- Mr. Eastlake said that the committee would like to report on the following day.

6. Report of the Worldcon Runner's Guide Editorial Committee -- Mr. Pavlac submitted the committee's report [transcribed below], including copies of the Guide for the podium staff, and requested reappointment. Mr. Sacks moved to reappoint the committee: passed without objection. Mr. Gold moved to thank the committee: passed.

Report of the Worldcon Runners' Guide Project, by Ross Pavlac

1. Work accomplished since ConFrancisco

Several submissions have been received since last year. The 1994 edition incorporates the following:

a. Mark Olson's recent article on Worldcon budgeting

b. Material by Filthy Pierre on Voodoo Message Boards and freebie tables

c. An article by Sandy Rymer on running Information Desks

d. Material by Jeremy Bloom on running a daily newsletter

e. Material by Diane Miller on hotel liaison

This edition also features a (minimal) index in the back.

My concept of adding a bit more each year (rather than trying to do it all at one time) appears to be working reasonably well. I was very pleased at the number of submissions this year; in fact, this is the first edition where most of the new text is by someone other than me. I hope that this trend continues, so that a broad range of experience can be represented.

2. Distribution

I have printed 30 copies of the manual at my personal expense (US $268).

10 copies are presented herewith to the Chairman of the Business Meeting for distribution as the Chairman sees fit.

Several fans gave me money for copies over the past year after I ran out of copies of last year's edition. They can pick up their copy of the current edition from me. The remainder are available for US $9 (Can. $12.25) in person, US $12 by mail (representing my cost).

3. Recommendations

I feel that there is still much work to do, and I am willing to take on the responsibility for another year. I therefore request that the Business Meeting re-appoint me as Editor for another year. If I am re-appointed, my plans for the next year would include:

a. Expanding the section on Registration. I would like volunteers to assist with this.

b. Drafting a first cut at the section on Programming. I would like volunteers to assist with this.

c. Continuing to adapt material from Filthy Pierre's 1984 conrunning guide. Filthy has given permission for this.

d. Obtaining permission from George Scithers to excerpt/adapt portions of his 1965 con-runner's guide.

e. Using computerized scanners to do reproductions of various forms that Worldcons have used (within the last couple of weeks, I have learned that some local fans have a scanner they are willing to let me use).

f. Provide an online version of the new edition on CompuServe and GEnie (if the sysops there are interested).

g. Draft a first cut at a section on the differences encountered in running a Worldcon outside of North America. I desperately need volunteers to do the bulk of the work on this section, as I have never worked on a non-US Worldcon.

h. Continue to solicit articles as opportunity arises.

(s) Ross Pavlac

PO Box 816, Evanston, IL 60204-0816 email:

76636,1343@compuserve.com

7. Worldcon Reports -- ConFrancisco and ConAdian announced that they would submit reports on Saturday, Intersection on Sunday. -- Mr. Pelz said that L.A.con III's report was the same as that published in a progress report within the preceding month, and submitted a copy thereof [see p. 19].

New Business Submitted to ConAdian

(The explanations set off in angle brackets <thus> accompanying most motions are those submitted by the makers of the motions; they have in some cases been slightly edited for clarity. In the motions themselves, capitalization and formatting have been regularized. The Secretary's suggested additions to the text are indicated in square brackets [thus], and suggested deletions in curly brackets {thus}. Note that these suggested changes were not part of the texts actually considered by the Business Meeting; however, they have been incorporated into the official texts of those motions that were passed.)

8. Lifetime Achievement Hugo Award

RESOLVED, to amend Article II of the WSFS Constitution by adding a new subsection:

2.2.15: Lifetime Achievement. Should a person or publication receive a Hugo Award in the same category in five (5) consecutive years, the fifth Hugo shall be considered a Lifetime Achievement Hugo Award in that category and that person or publication shall thereafter be ineligible to receive an award in that category for the next five (5) years. (submitted by Lisa Greene and Linda Deneroff)

Mr. Illingworth objected to consideration. There were 21 votes for consideration, 44 against. The vote being greater than two-thirds against consideration, the objection to consideration was sustained, and Item 8 was killed.

9. Release of Hugo Nomination Totals

MOVED, to add the following to the end of Section 2.9.4 of the WSFS Constitution:
During the same period the nomination voting totals shall also be published, including in each category the vote counts for at least the 15 highest vote-getters and any other candidates receiving a number of votes equal to at least 5% of the nomination ballots cast in that category.
(submitted by Mark L. Olson, Rick Katze, Anthony Lewis, and Sharon Sbarsky)

[An attached table of pertinent statistics is omitted here. -- G.F.]

An objection to consideration was made, and failed many-few. -- Default debate time 20 minutes; 5, 2, and 10 minutes also proposed; 5 minutes voted.

10. Bid Eligibility Clarification

MOVED, to amend the WSFS Constitution by deleting the last sentence of Section 3.4 and by replacing Section 3.5 by the following:

To be eligible for site selection, a bidding committee must present adequate evidence of an agreement with its proposed site's facilities, such as a conditional contract or a letter of agreement; and must state the rules under which the Worldcon Committee will operate, including a specification of the term of office of their chief executive officer or officers and the conditions and procedures for the selection and replacement of such officer or officers. Written copies of these rules must be made available by the bidding committee to any member of WSFS on request. For a bid to be allowed on the printed ballot, the aforementioned rules and agreements, along with an announcement of intent to bid, must be filed with the Committee that will administer the voting no later than 180 days prior to the official opening of the administering convention; to be eligible as a write-in, a bid must file these documents by the close of the voting. If no bids meet these qualifications, the selection shall proceed as though "None of the Above" had won.
(submitted by Mark L. Olson, George Flynn, Anthony Lewis, Rick Katze, and Sharon Sbarsky)

Default debate time 20 minutes; 5, 1, 8, 2, and 10 minutes also proposed; 5 minutes voted.

Items 11 and 12 were separate (and conflicting) proposals to change the minimum number of nominations required for Hugo nominees:

11. 10 Good Fen

MOVED, to amend Section 2.6 of the WSFS Constitution by replacing the last sentence with:
No nominee shall appear on the final ballot if it received fewer than 10 nominations.
(submitted by Sharon Sbarsky and Gay Ellen Dennett)

[A page and a half of statistics is omitted here. --G.F.]

Mr. Yalow suggested treating Item 12 [below] as a motion to substitute for Item 11. The Chair proposed setting individual time limits for the two motions, with a separate time limit to debate substituting Item 12 for Item 11, and possibly coming back to this if time permitted at this session. Mr. Yalow moved to treat Item 12 as an amendment by substitution to Item 11. A point of order was made that this could be done only with the permission of the maker(s). Mr. Yalow moved 4 minutes' debate time on his motion: no objection. -- At this point an objection to consideration of Item 11 was made (it was ruled that this was not yet in order for Item 12); the vote was many-few against consideration, so Item 11 was killed.

12. A Resolution to Amend Section 2.6 of the WSFS Constitution (to change minimum number of nominating ballots to appear on Hugo ballot)
MOVED, to amend Section 2.6 of the WSFS Constitution in the following manner: the words five percent (5%) of the number of nomination ballots cast in that category shall be stricken, and replaced by the words two percent (2%) of the number of nomination ballots cast in that category
(submitted by Geoffrey A. Landis, Astrid Julian, and J. R. Dunn; the names of Mike Resnick and Anthony R. Lewis also appeared on the motion, but without signatures)

<Rationale: The fact that only three short stories qualified for the Hugo ballot in 1994 brings into question whether the 5% cut-off performs a useful service, or whether it eliminates stories which are worthy of consideration. The difficulty of the rule as written in the current form is that it tends to penalize diversity in the field. The more different works there are to choose from, the fewer nominations any particular work is expected to receive. Thus, the more stories there are, the fewer will make the ballot. This is contrary to the way a reasonable process should work. An added difficulty with the Short Story category is that most of the voters don't read every issue of every magazine. The current rule has the effect that, when the number of stories published is large, the down selection occurs in the nomination process, not in the actual voting. Reducing the minimum requirement to 2% of the nominations in the category will make it more likely that worthy pieces by lesser-known writers, and works published in less widely distributed magazines, will not be eliminated from nomination. A similar argument would apply to eliminating the rule entirely. The rationale for reducing the cut-off to 2% rather than eliminating it is that 2% is sufficient to solve the problem, and is a smaller change to the process.>

An objection to consideration was made; the vote was many-few against consideration, so Item 12 was also killed.

Items 13 and 14 were separate (and conflicting) proposals to change the rules governing movement of stories between Hugo categories. Since they were considered together, both texts follow here:

13. A Resolution to Amend Section 2.2.1 of the WSFS Constitution (to change relocation of stories between Hugo categories)

MOVED, to amend Section 2.2.1 of the WSFS Constitution in the following manner: the words "The Worldcon Committee may relocate a story into a more appropriate category if it feels that it is necessary, provided that the story is within five thousand (5000) words of the new category limits." shall be stricken, and replaced by the words "The Worldcon Committee may relocate a story into a more appropriate category if it feels that it is necessary, provided that the length of the story is within ten percent (10%) of the new category limits."
(submitted by Geoffrey A. Landis, Astrid Julian, and J. R. Dunn; the names of Mike Resnick and Anthony R. Lewis also appeared on the motion, but without signatures)

<Rationale: Some amount of fuzzy boundary is desirable in the categories, if for no other reason than to prevent a protest of a nomination based on somebody recounting a work and discovering that it is 7,501 words instead of 7,499. 5000 words of fuzzy boundary may be acceptable for the Novel award, where the minimum length is 40,000 words. However, although this rule is in the "Novel" section, per rules [2.]2.2-[2.]2.4, it also applies to the short fiction categories. For the short fiction categories, 5000 words of fuzz makes the boundaries between categories almost arbitrary. 5000 words is half of the length of the entire Novelette category, and 2/3 of the length of the Short Story category. A 10% rule makes the fuzzy boundary uniform for all the categories.>

14. Reducing Movement Between Hugo Categories

MOVED, to amend Section 2.2.1 [of the WSFS Constitution] by adding [at the end] the words "for the Novel/Novella boundary, or within two thousand five hundred (2,500) words for the boundaries for the other fiction categories"
(submitted by Ben Yalow and Patty Wells)

<Explanation: Under current rules, the zones within which a Hugo administrator can move a work are a uniform 5000 words. While this gives reasonable results at the Novel/Novella boundary, it seems much too large at the shorter lengths, producing anomalies such as the 12,500-word story eligible in all three of the short fiction categories. This proposal would make the zones smaller for those categories. The proposed new lengths are 2500 words around the old lengths. I had thought about a percentage system, but since a fuzz of 30% (needed to get the 2500-word-or-so region around Short Story) would give a Novella [Novel? --G.F.] as short as 28,000 words, which seemed much too short, a set of specified changed boundaries were used. The changed lengths result in the following:

Novel: Old, over 35,000; New, same

Novella: Old, 12,500-45,000; New, 15,000-45,000

Novelette: Old, 2,500-22,500; New, 5,000-20,000

Short Story: Old, under 12,500; New, under 10,000>

Item 13 was taken up first. Mr. Yalow moved Item 14 as an amendment by substitution to Item 13. Mr. Sacks proposed 5 minutes' debate time on this amendment: no objection. The amendment by substitution passed without objection. However, a motion was then made to reconsider this vote. The motion to reconsider appeared to pass; a division vote was requested, and the motion to reconsider passed 30-27. The question was then again on the amendment by substitution. Mr. Sacks moved to postpone the question until Saturday: passed many-few. -- Mr. Sacks made the point of order that with Item 14 before the house (as a proposed substitute for Item 13), it would not be in order to consider it separately. The Chair ruled that this was not the case, because of the peculiarities of the WSFS system. Mr. Yalow asked permission to withdraw Item 14 (as a separate main motion): no objection. -- On Item 13, the default debate time was 20 minutes; 10, 5, 25, 30, and 15 minutes also proposed. Mr. Feldbaum moved to suspend the rules and set 10 minutes' time for the debate between alternatives (the original Items 13 and 14), followed by 10 minutes' debate time on the alternative chosen: passed by greater than a two-thirds vote.

15. Don't Count Ineligibles

MOVED, to add the following sentence to the end of Section 3.4 [of the WSFS Constitution]:
If, at any time, an ineligible candidate is the highest choice on a voter's ballot, then the choice will be eliminated, and the ballot cast for the next highest eligible candidate.
(submitted by Ben Yalow and Patty Wells)

<Explanation: There is currently a dispute on how ballots cast for ineligible choices should be counted. One method, which has been used in the past, corresponds to this method. The other method, also used in the past, would count ballots for ineligible choices, and only eliminate them if they win.

I don't believe this has any effect in real elections. This is purely a technical correction so that the people counting votes have a mechanistic way of following the rules, since there is a minor ambiguity in an area, albeit one where there is unlikely to be any practical difference.

That said, I believe this method is superior to the other one, since I feel that the other method produces anomalous results. First, I don't like the idea that ineligible choices can change the

outcome, unlikely though it is. Second, it allows a majority to write in the administering site (clearly ineligible under the Constitution), which would win in the second scheme, and then be eliminated. This would force the election to the Business Meeting, where the site restrictions are eliminated. I don't believe it should be possible for a majority at a single convention to override the Constitution, which is clearly set up so that it takes two conventions, no matter how large the majority at any one con, to change,

There also appear to be some clumsinesses in the wording of Sections 3.4/3.5 on write-in site-selection eligibility. However, in light of continuing resolution CH-84-04, I think the rules are unambiguous, although badly worded, and this motion doesn't fix that wording. I would suggest that it should be fixed in another motion, rather than this one.>
[Item 10 above was directed to the issue raised in this paragraph. --G.F.]

Default debate time 6 minutes; 2, 1, 5, 4, and 10 minutes also proposed; 5 minutes voted. -- Mr. Olson moved to suspend the rules to allow the Parliamentarian to speak on this issue; the Chair stated that there was no rule against the podium staff's speaking, and the motion was withdrawn.

Items 16 and 17 were separate (and conflicting) proposals to eliminate the current rotation system for Worldcon site selection:

16. No-Zone Rotation

MOVED, to amend Article III [of the WSFS Constitution] as follows:
1. Amend Section 3.4 by replacing the next to last sentence with "When a site and Committee are chosen by a Business Meeting or Worldcon Committee, they are not restricted by the requirements of Sections 3.5 or 3.7."
2. Amend Section 3.7 by deleting the first sentence, and replacing "sixty (60)" with "five hundred (500)" in the remaining sentence.
3. Amend Section 3.8 by deleting all words between "NASFiC" and the next comma, and all words from the last comma to the end of the second sentence.
4. Amend Section 3.8.2 by replacing the words "the appropriate region" with "North America".
PROVIDED THAT for votes held in 1996-1999, a site will be eligible if it would have been eligible under either the old or the new rules.
(submitted by Ben Yalow and Patty Wells) [Misnumbering of paragraphs in original text has been corrected. --G.F.]

<Explanation: This replaces the current North American rotation zones with a no-zone system, and an enlarged exclusion zone around the current site. In general, it will make most potential sites in North America eligible in more than the once in three years currently in force.

The current scheme means that an election takes place in the region which is to be selected. This has the disadvantage that a site closer to the voting site has a significant advantage in a contested election. For example, a Boston bid would have a strong advantage over an Atlanta one in an election in Philadelphia, or a Cleveland bid would have a strong advantage over New Orleans in a Cincinnati election.

Furthermore, the existing scheme means that a site is ineligible in two out of every three years. If it is impossible to bid in a given year, or if it becomes so because a bid loses its hotel, then a bid must wait for three years to try again. The new system would allow for the bid to move to the next year, in many cases.

The NASFiC also has the rotation zones deleted. This will leave the exclusion zone around the selecting site, so it will mean that a site could be eligible/ineligible for a NASFiC when it isn't that for the Worldcon to be held in the same year.

The proviso sets up a transition period so that no current bid loses its eligibility due to this new rule, including the rumored bids which might declare for 2002. Boston in 2001 would still be ineligible if Boston in 1998 wins, since it's not eligible under either exclusion rule.>

[A table of excluded/not-excluded city pairs is omitted here. --G.F.]

Also: This maintains the zone system for the Mark Committee, since people may still want to maintain geographic dispersion among its members. If that should also be deleted, then put Section 3.6 someplace so that you still know where is North America for the NASFiC, and delete the third sentence of Section 4.4, the last two sections of Standing Rule 3.2, and the phrase "and regions of residence" from the last sentence of [Rule] 3.1 and the third sentence of [Rule] 3.2.>

An objection to consideration was made; the vote was many-few against consideration, so Item 16 was killed.

17. [Another No-Zone Proposal] (title assigned by the Secretary)

MOVED, to delete the first sentence of Section 3.7 of the WSFS Constitution. To replace "sixty (60) miles" with "one hundred (100) kilometers" in the same section.
To make such other changes to the WSFS Constitution as are necessary to removing all references to regions in the Worldcon site-selection process.
(submitted by Kent Bloom and Covert Beach)

[Had the motion passed in this form, the Secretary would have fleshed it out by adding all the details of Item 16 above, except for the different exclusion distance and the proviso.]

An objection to consideration was made; the vote was many-few against consideration, so Item 17 was also killed.

18. [Elimination of NASFiC] (title assigned by the Secretary)

MOVED, to remove all references to the North American Science Fiction Convention (NASFiC) from the WSFS Constitution.
To authorize the WSFS Mark Protection Committee to dispose of the NASFiC service mark(s) to a responsible organization in their discretion, and to protect the mark until such time as a responsible organization can be found or created.
(submitted by Kent Bloom and Mary Morman)

[The Secretary feels obliged to note that passage of this motion would have given him a rather alarming degree of discretion in devising the actual proposed changes in the Constitution's wording.]

An objection to consideration was made; the vote appeared to be many-few against. A count was requested, resulting in a vote of 56-25 against consideration; this being greater than two-thirds against consideration, the objection to consideration was sustained, and Item 18 was killed.

19. Standing Rules Revision Working Group

RESOLVED, that Kevin Standlee be authorized to convene a working group to study the Standing Rules and report a consistent set for consideration by the 1995 Business Meeting.
(submitted by Mark Olson, Robert E. Sacks, Martin Hoare, Winton Matthews, Perrianne Lurie, Rick Katze, Mike Glyer, George Flynn, Seth Breidbart, Neil Rest, Doug Houseman, Becky S. Thomson, T. R. Smith, V. J. Docherty, Gary Feldbaum, Linda Ross-Mansfield, and Tim Illingworth)

This motion not being an amendment to the Constitution, it could be considered immediately. -- Default debate time 6 minutes; 1 minute was also proposed, but the question became moot when no one wished to speak. -- The question was thus called on the motion, which passed unanimously.

Items 20, 21, and 26 (the latter distributed, but not on the printed agenda) were separate proposals to limit the number of Hugo Awards; while not utterly incompatible, they represented significantly different approaches to the question. Since they were considered together, all three texts follow here:

20. Thirteen Is Enough!

[MOVED, to] add to the end of Section 5.3 [of the WSFS Constitution]:
No amendment shall be in order which increases the total number of Hugo Awards.
(submitted by Mark Olson, George Flynn, Mike Glyer, Timothy Szczesuil, Ann A. Broomhead, and Covert Beach)

21. Eight Is Enough

MOVED, to delete Section 2.2 of the WSFS Constitution and replace it with:
Section 2.2: Number of Awards. Each Worldcon Committee shall award eight Hugos in categories related to the genre of Science Fiction.
and [to] append to Section 2.6:
The Worldcon Committee may place more than the maximum number of categories [on the nomination ballot]; however[,] only the categories that received the most nominations shall be on the final ballot.
(submitted by Covert Beach and Lenore Jean Jones)

[26.] Eight Is Not Quite Enough . . .

MOVED, to replace Section 2.1 of the WSFS Constitution with:
Section 2.1: Introduction. Each Worldcon shall award ten (10) Hugos in categories related to Science Fiction as provided in this article.
[to] delete Sections 2.2.5 through 2.2.14[, and to] add:
2.2.5: Additional Categories. Additional categories shall be placed in nomination by the current Worldcon Committee to bring the number of awards up to at least {to} the number of Hugos to be awarded. If more than the maximum number of {the} awards are proposed on the nominating ballot, only those additional categories receiving the most nominations shall be placed on the final ballot.
(submitted by Covert Beach and Jill Eastlake)

Mr. Feldbaum moved to suspend the rules to consider objections to consideration of Items 20, 21, and 26 in succession: passed. -- An objection to consideration of Item 20 was made; the vote was greater than two-thirds against consideration. -- An objection to consideration of Item 21 was made; the vote was greater than two-thirds against consideration. -- An objection to consideration of Item 26 was made; the vote was greater than two-thirds against consideration. -- Thus Items 20, 21, and 26 were all killed.

Mr. Russell asked permission to introduce new items of business. The Chair said that this would have to wait until the printed agenda was completed. -- Mr. Feldbaum asked if it would still be in order today or tomorrow to move changes in the Standing Rules. The Chair said that it would.

22. Let's Talk About This in Detail . . .

MOVED, to add [the] following Standing Rule:
The Business Meeting may, at its discretion, refer a motion to an extended debate of up to two hours to be held during the current Worldcon by a simple majority vote. In this case the Chair shall appoint a moderator, one or more affirmative advocates, and one or more negative advocates. The committee members and other interested members of the current Worldcon shall convene sometime before the Sunday session of the Business Meeting. The committee shall debate the issue and report back to the Sunday session with any revisions to the motion agreed to by the committee.
(submitted by Covert Beach and Lenore Jean Jones)

[The Secretary notes that it is probably unwise for rules to refer to "the Sunday session" or the like, since the current scheduling of Worldcons may not always prevail. In this instance, "the Site-Selection Meeting" would have been a more generic wording.]

An objection to consideration was made; more than two-thirds voted against consideration, so Item 22 was killed.

23. WSFS Electronic Archives

RESOLVED, the Committee on Motions of Continuing Effect is hereby requested to maintain a list of sites that volunteer to keep public electronic archives of WSFS[-]related material. Worldcons are requested to transmit to such sites a copy of the current WSFS Constitution, Standing Rules, Business Passed On, and Business Meeting Minutes whenever new versions are available for distribution. The Committee on Motions of Continuing Effect is also requested to transmit a copy of its report on such motions to those same sites and any other reports deemed appropriate for general distribution. Materials made available electronically are not to contain personal information such as mail address or phone number without the express consent of the individual whose information is to be contained therein.
(submitted by Saul Jaffe and Ben Yalow)
[The Secretary suggests that the phrase "to those same sites" in the third sentence should be moved to immediately follow the word "transmit".]

The motion could be considered immediately. It was passed unanimously.

[The Secretary reports that as of this writing the Constitution, Standing Rules, and Business Passed On have already been transmitted to Mr. Jaffe and to the GEnie and CompuServe libraries. It is intended to send these minutes to the same sites. Some problems should be noted:
(1) Given the limitations of ASCII text, passages deleted or added cannot be marked with strikethroughs and underlines, as has been done in the printed version; similar problems arise with boldface, italics, and various special characters. The two versions thus have slightly different texts.
(2) The electronic version of these minutes does not contain the texts of the financial reports that were included in the printed version in facsimile form; others are welcome to scan/retype these texts and add them to the electronic files if so desired.]

Items 24 and 25 (the latter distributed, but not on the printed agenda) were separate (and conflicting) proposals to create Hugo categories for musical works. Since they were considered together, both texts follow here:

24. Music Hugo Award

MOVED, to amend the WSFS Constitution by adding a new subsection to Section 2.2, as follows:
2.2.x: Best Musical Work. Any musical work incorporating or associated with a science, science fiction, fantasy, or fannish theme or story, and incorporating significant original content, such as lyrics, tunes, or arrangement. A musical work may be a song, an album, or a soundtrack. A work shall be eligible in the year following the calendar year of first professional distribution, defined as commercial or public radio or television airplay, use in a theatrically released movie or rentable video, or release of a recording or songbook with at least five thousand (5,000) copies. Any musical work {being} first distributed through amateur channels{,} shall be eligible in the second calendar year following its first appearance. A work can thus be eligible at most twice, once in amateur distribution and once professionally, but only if amateur eligibility occurs in an earlier year than professional eligibility. Appearance refers to performance in its eligible form, printing in a songbook or fanzine, or release of a recording, whichever shall occur first. If the first appearance or airplay occurs outside the English-speaking world, then the first appearance or airplay in the English-speaking world shall apply. An author may withdraw a version of the work from consideration, if that work is performed or edited by someone else, and the author feels that it does not convey their original intent, without prejudice to future eligibility of another version.
(submitted by J. Spencer Love, Dave Clement, and Kathleen Sloan; acknowledgement was also made to Lynn Gold, Kathy Mar, and "many other filkers for their contributions")

<This motion is modeled on Section 2.2.1, the qualifying rules for Best Novel. Those rules have evolved over time, and have only been adapted to the musical form. Boldface has been used [omitted in the electronic version --G.F.] to highlight rules from clarifying definitions. If this is felt too complex or redundant, we would be happy with something simpler.

While this motion is being proposed by members of the filk community, it is our belief that music is an important part of our culture in general and of science fiction in particular. There are many rock and roll songs and folk songs incorporating science fiction or fantasy themes, and soundtracks to science fiction movies, which we feel should qualify for recognition. We would also consider it a friendly amendment to add poetry to this category; while lacking in melody, poetry is very close to song in other ways.

However, we have included a specific rule to encourage filk's being considered for this award. Filksongs are typically performed at conventions in front of small audiences and do not have access to mainstream distribution. Filk publishers are few and don't get all the good songs out. Furthermore, they typically take several years to get the songs out on tape, and most radio stations will not play songs from cassettes, preferring random-access media such as CDs and vinyl records. While we could propose separate professional and amateur awards, we're willing to take our chances against the pros, given only a special consideration for our inefficient distribution mechanisms.

Filk has its own award given by the filk community each year, the Pegasus Award, given in 5 categories and voted upon and presented at the Ohio Valley Filk Fest in October. It is our understanding that there is also a poetry award, the Rhysling, although this writer is unaware of its specifics. It is not our intention to displace these awards, but to provide recognition by the world science fiction community.

A note on eligibility: The soundtrack of Bladerunner, released on CD in 1994, would not be eligible, since it was originally released as part of the movie in 1982 and does not incorporate new content. However, poems by Rudyard Kipling, set to music by Leslie Fish, would be eligible if they appear after this award were established, because the tunes are significant new content. The Hugo administrators would be the final arbiters of sufficient original content and qualification.>

[25.] (two motions considered as a unit)

Professional Music Hugo Award

MOVED, to amend the WSFS Constitution by adding a new subsection to Section 2.2 as follows:
2.2.x: Best Professional Music. Any original piece of professionally presented, released, published, or performed music, including motion picture and television soundtracks, related to science fiction or fantasy, first public{al}ly presented, released, published, or performed for the first time in its present form during the previous calendar year. Published or released works of music with a circulation of more than ten thousand (10,000) copies, and motion picture and television soundtracks and related music[,] are considered professional in nature.

Amateur/Semi-Professional Music Hugo Award

MOVED, to amend the WSFS Constitution by adding a new subsection to Section 2.2 as follows:
2.2.x: Best Amateur or Semi-Professional Music. Any original piece of music {that is} related to science, science fiction, fantasy, or fandom{,} [that] is public{al}ly presented, released, published, or performed for the first time in its present form during the previous two calendar years. Published or released works of music with a circulation of ten thousand (10,000) copies or less are considered amateur or semi-professional in nature.
(both motions submitted by Lynn Gold; the name of Judith Hayman also appeared, but without a signature)

Mr. Olson moved to suspend the rules to consider objections to consideration to Items 24 and 25 in succession: passed. (Mr. Standlee explained that Item 25 was intended as an amendment by substitution to Item 24.) -- An objection to consideration of Item 24 was made and failed, with fewer than two-thirds voting against consideration. -- An objection to consideration of Item 25 was made; the vote was greater than two-thirds against consideration, so Item 25 was killed. -- The default debate time on Item 24 was 20 minutes; 10, 15, 8, 25, 5, 3, and 1 minutes were also proposed; 15 minutes was voted.

The printed agenda having been completed, Mr. Russell was allowed to introduce the following motion:

[27.] Standing Rule Amendment re Document Passalong

[MOVED, to] add the following language to the Standing Rules:
In the version of the Constitution and Standing Rules provided by the Business Meeting staff for publication prior to the following Worldcon, all changes shall be indicated by underlines for added material and strikeouts for deleted material.
(submitted by Richard S. Russell and Diane M. Martin)

<Rationale: This provision would alert WSFS members to specific changes in the official documents; it would affect the version printed in the progress report but not the version printed in the program book.>

Default debate time 6 minutes. -- Mr. Feldbaum moved to substitute: It is requested that in the version . . . Worldcon, all changes and deletions shall be indicated. It was suggested that "clearly" be added before "indicated": accepted by unanimous consent. Mr. Morris suggested dividing the amendment into two parts: accepted. The first part, the addition of "It is requested that", was defeated. The second part, the deletion of "by underlines . . .", was passed. -- The proposed rule as amended then read:

In the version of the Constitution and Standing Rules provided by the Business Meeting staff for publication prior to the following Worldcon, all changes and deletions shall be clearly indicated.

The motion was passed as amended. -- In response to an inquiry, the Chair confirmed that "changes" refers only to those passed by the immediately preceding Business Meeting.

[Due to the incompetence of the Secretary, the version of the Standing Rules initially uploaded to various archives omitted the above rule (which has been designated as Rule 24). This has now been fixed, but if you downloaded the WSFS documents in early October, you're probably missing this rule. --G.F.]

The meeting adjourned at 1:54 P.M.

First Main Business Meeting,

Saturday, Sept. 3, 1994

The meeting was called to order at 12:09 P.M. -- The Chair announced the appointment of Bruce Pelz as Deputy Presiding Officer. The Chair also stated that he would adhere more closely to Robert's Rules, and in particular would stand when speaking.

Business Passed On from ConFrancisco

1. Retro-Hugos -- Mr. Sacks moved to insert "not more than six (6)" after "for" in the first sentence. The amendment failed, by a vote of few-many. -- Item 1 was then ratified.

2. Modify NASFiC Provisions -- Item 2 was ratified by a vote of many-few.

3. Modification of Campbell Award -- As amended by the Preliminary Business Meeting, this motion consisted only of the deletion of the word "Memorial" in Section 2.6. (This being a lesser change than was passed last year, it would not require further ratification.) -- Item 3 was ratified as amended, by a near-unanimous vote.

Committee Reports

4. Election of Mark Protection Committee Members -- The nominees were Kent Bloom, Glen Boettcher, Scott Dennis, Donald Eastlake, Stuart Hellinger, and Ben Yalow. Ballots were distributed, and subsequently collected. The Chair appointed a committee of tellers consisting of Bruce Pelz, Tim Illingworth, and Covert Beach. -- The results were not announced until the close of the Saturday session, but they will be included here in their logical position:

First Seat:

Eastlake	39	41	47	61
Dennis	24	25	28	30
Bloom	22	23	24	27
Yalow	16	17	19
Boettcher	12	12
Hellinger	5
	118

Second Seat:

Dennis	33	34	39	54
Bloom	26	29	38	52
Yalow	30	34	36
Boettcher	18	19
Hellinger	10
	117

The tellers did not report vote counts for the remaining seats, but indicated that Mr. Bloom was the clear victor for the third seat, and Mr. Yalow for the fourth. Thus Messrs. Eastlake, Dennis, and Bloom were elected for three-year terms, and Mr. Yalow for a one-year term.

5. Report of the Special Committee to Codify Business Meeting Resolutions -- Mr. Eastlake submitted the committee's report, which is transcribed here:

Report to the World Science Fiction Society Business Meeting of the 52nd World Science Fiction Convention by the Special Committee to Codify Resolutions and Rulings of Continuing Effect

The committee apologizes for presenting a brief and non-cumulative report this year. In the past, a massive cumulative report has been presented and the committee would like to be continued and would endeavor to submit such a cumulative report to Intersection. Only resolutions and rulings of continuing effect from the ConFrancisco Business Meeting are compiled below. The committee continues to use a definition of "likely to continue to have effect for more than a year" as "continuing". The committee submits the following motion to bring the Standing Rules into closer conformance with actual practice:

[5A.] MOVED, to amend the Standing Rules for the Governance of the WSFS Business Meeting by adding the following:
The setting, for any item of business, of a specific time limit after which debate will not be in order does not prohibit the consideration, without debate, of subsidiary motions after that time.

The committee believes that its present name is mind-numbingly bureaucratic. While this might be appropriate, even the committee finds it easier to remember the name coined by Bruce Pelz. The committee therefore moves its continuance with that name:

[5B.] MOVED, to continue the Nit Picking and Fly Specking Committee (informally known as the Committee to Compile Resolutions and Rules of Continuing Effect) with its current membership to report to Intersection.

Donald E. Eastlake, III

San Francisco, California 1994 [sic]

Presiding Officer: John Lorentz

Secretary: David Levine

Parliamentarian: Kevin Standlee

Timekeeper: Rick Katze / Jeff Canfield

1993-R-1: It was ruled that the Secretary has the authority to correct typographical and grammatical errors in the Constitution, Standing Rules, and Business Passed On.

1993-R-2: A motion to take the vote on an Objection to Consideration by written ballot was ruled to be in order.

1993-R-3: A motion which referred to the place of residence of a named individual was ruled to be in order.

1993-R-4: A suggestion of 50 years as the debate limit for a motion was ruled to be dilatory.

1993-R-5: The Chair ruled that a Constitutional provision beginning with the word "Provided" and effecting [sic] only one year would automatically disappear from the Constitution after that year.

A motion was made to accept the report. However, the motions included in the report had to be acted upon. -- Item 5A (the motion to amend the Standing Rules) was passed. -- On Item 5B (the motion to continue the committee), Mr. Sacks moved to drop the "in" from "informally": failed for lack of a second. -- Mr. Epstein moved an amendment by substitution: that the committee be discharged, and that the attendees at each Business Meeting be provided by the staff with a list of codified resolutions. Mr. Katze moved to call all questions on the floor: passed by greater than two-thirds. Mr. Epstein's amendment then failed few-many. -- The main motion (Item 5B) then passed many-few.

[The Secretary notes that "nitpicking" and "flyspecking" are listed as single words (sometimes hyphenated) in all the dictionaries he has consulted, so thus it shall be written. However, the Secretary is appalled to realize that he initially uploaded the Business Passed On without changing the name of this committee. So if you're in possession of a version of the Business Passed On that calls Item 7 "Report of the Special Committee to Codify Business Meeting Resolutions", please change it to "Report of the Nitpicking and Flyspecking Committee". --G.F.]

[By the way, I have unearthed from recent years' minutes the following adopted motions, which I respectfully commend to the Nitpicking and Flyspecking Committee as worthy of preservation:

1991: (right after the Vote Count from Hell) "Resolved, That the Business Meeting recommends that all future Worldcons adopt the practice of validating site-selection ballots as they are received, rather than after site-selection balloting closes."

1992: (while organizing the NASFiC election) Moved, "that it was the sense of the meeting that all (unofficial) site-selection results should be posted as soon as they are known. . . . (It was noted that future Worldcons could not be bound in this respect.)"]

7. Worldcon Reports -- The ConFrancisco financial report was submitted by Mr. Standlee. Pass-along checks were presented by Ben Miller to Mike Glyer (for L.A.con III), by Nancy Cobb to Linda Ross-Mansfield (for ConAdian), and by David Clark to Paul Dormer (for Intersection). -- ConAdian and Intersection would submit their reports on Sunday.

New Business Submitted to ConAdian

9. Release of Hugo Nomination Totals (see pp. 3-4) -- Mr. Landis moved to make the motion a resolution rather than a Constitutional amendment. In his remarks, Mr. Landis stated that a resolution would be a binding vote of the body; the Chair ruled that this was not so, and that a resolution would not be binding on a Worldcon. -- Ms. Lurie made the point of order that persons wishing to speak should wait for the microphone. -- A motion to call the question passed unanimously. Mr. Landis's amendment failed few-many. -- The main motion then passed many-few.

10. Bid Eligibility Clarification (see p. 4) -- The motion passed many-few. -- Mr. Russell made a point of privilege, urging that people submitting amendments in the future should indicate new material by underlining, etc. [For this particular motion, the Secretary attempted to do that in the Business Passed On, but had to simplify the indication of changes to make it readable at all.]

13/14. A Resolution to Amend Section 2.2.1 . . . / Reducing Movement Between Hugo Categories (see pp. 4-5) -- During the debate between the two alternatives, Ms. Lieberman asked whether there was anything defining what a "word" is; the Chair said there was not. -- A motion to call the question was passed, and the substitution of Item 14 for Item 13 was defeated. -- The question was then on the original Item 13. --

(At this point the tellers for the Mark Protection Committee election asked whether all ballots had been turned in. This apparently being the case, a motion was made to close the polls: passed by greater than two-thirds.)

Mr. van der Linden moved to amend "ten percent (10%)" to "twenty percent (20%)". Ms. Lieberman inquired whether this would have made a difference in previous Hugo administrations; the Secretary replied, "Damned if I know." An attempt to make a second-order amendment (which the Secretary didn't catch, except that it was silly) was ruled out of order. Mr. van der Linden's amendment was defeated. -- Mr. Breidbart proposed amending that the numerical limits should be absolute, but the method of counting at the discretion of the administrator: failed for lack of a second. -- Ms. Francis moved to call the question, but no one wanted to speak anyway. Item 13 passed by a large margin.

15. Don't Count Ineligibles (see pp. 5-6) -- Mr. Standlee submitted the following substitute motion:

Count Ineligibles -- But Only to a Point

MOVED, to amend "Don't Count Ineligibles" by substituting the following in the text:

. . . add the following sentence to the end of Section 3.4:

If an ineligible candidate receives enough votes to win the election, that candidate shall be eliminated, and the counting shall begin anew with the ineligible candidate eliminated.
(submitted by Kevin Standlee and Ben Yalow)

<Explanation: The currently-submitted version of "Don't Count Ineligibles" eliminates all ineligible candidates (generally hoaxes and joke write-ins) as they are initially counted. This substitute would allow such votes to be counted, but would eliminate an ineligible bid if it managed to get enough votes to actually win the election.>

Debate time having expired, Mr. Feldbaum moved to allow Mr. Standlee an additional minute: passed by greater than two-thirds. The substitute appeared to pass; a division vote was requested, giving a vote of 60-37 in favor. -- Item 15 then passed as amended by a vote of many-few. (But see p. 13 below.)

Mr. Russell made a point of privilege: Two radio mikes were now available, so a second runner should be appointed.

24. Music Hugo Award (see pp. 8-9) -- Mr. Olson moved to amend by substituting the following resolution:

RESOLVED, that WSFS strongly encourages prospective Hugo categories to be tested before being submitted to the WSFS Business Meeting; and

RESOLVED, that WSFS requests the seated Worldcons to seriously consider testing the proposed Filk Hugo.

It was pointed out that "Filk Hugo" should read "Music Hugo", and the motion was so corrected. -- An objection was made that a Music Hugo would be in violation of Section 1.2 of the Constitution ("WSFS is [a] literary society"); the Chair rejected this, observing that "literary" is a very broad term. A point of order was made that this was a separate issue; the Chair ruled that it was relevant. It was moved to call the question: passed many-few. Mr. Olson's amendment by substitution then passed by a vote of 84-71. -- Mr. [Dick] Smith moved the question on the main motion: passed by greater than two-thirds. The resolution replacing Item 24 then passed many-few. -- Mr. Hoare subsequently announced that Intersection was seeking feedback on what, if anything, it should propose as a special Hugo category.

The election results for the Mark Protection Committee were turned in at approximately this time (see p. 10). -- The meeting adjourned at 1:46 P.M.

Second Main Business Meeting

Sunday, Sept. 4, 1994

The meeting was called to order at 12:05 P.M.

Site-Selection Business

Report of 1997 Site-Selection Results -- Mike Glyer submitted the report of the tellers committee, transcribed below:

1997 Site Selection Results

Site	Mail	Thursday	Friday	Saturday	Total
San Antonio	200	101	292	322	915
St. Louis	78	35	124	229	466
None of the Above	1	0	1	3	5
Hong Kong	1	3	5	0	9
Minneapolis in '73	0	1	0	0	1
Lisle in '97	0	0	1	1	2
Hawaii	0	0	1	0	1
Metzlan (San Jose)	0	0	0	2	2
Totals with Pref:	280	140	424	557	1401
Ballots Required to Win:					701
No Preference	16	2	7	13	38
Total Ballots:	296	142	431	570	1439

Invalid ballots included 4 mail ballots without checks, and 3 attempts to vote by non-members. One person attempted to vote by e-mail; his money was taken and passed on. -- Since validation was done during the voting, the actual count took only 1:15, and the tellers were done before midnight.

Thus San Antonio was the winner of the 1997 Worldcon. Copies of their Progress Report Zero were distributed, and a presentation was made by Karen Meschke (Chairman), Fred Duarte, and Casey Hamilton. The convention will be called LoneStarCon 2 (aka The Second Occasional LoneStarCon Science Fiction Convention and Chili Cook-off), and will take place on Aug. 28-Sept. 1, 1997. Guests will include Algis Budrys, Michael Moorcock, Roy Tackett (Fan Guest), and Neal Barrett, Jr. (Master of Toasts); negotiations were under way for an artist guest. They had not yet made an appointment to the Mark Protection Committee. [Randall Shepherd was later appointed.]

Presentations by Future Selected Worldcons --

1996: There was no formal presentation, but Mr. Glyer responded to questions. --

1995: Again no formal presentation, but Mr. Dormer responded to questions. Their financial report was in the process of being produced, and was later made available (see p. 17).

7. Worldcon Reports -- At this time financial reports were also submitted by MagiCon (see p. 17) and ConAdian (see p. 19).

Presentations by 1998 Bidders -- Since much business remained, it was suggested that this be moved to the end of the agenda. Mr. Sacks objected. Mr. Yalow then moved to suspend the rules to move it to the end of the agenda: passed many-few.

At this time Mr. Sacks gave notice of a motion to be submitted for next year: to abolish the Hugo for Best Original Artwork (see p. 15 for its text).

Committee Reports (see above for Worldcon Reports)

4. WSFS Mark Protection Committee -- The results of the election of members (see p. 10) had been published in the agenda. -- It was again announced that the new committee would meet immediately following the Business Meeting, in the Westminster Room West of the Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza.

It was noted that a request had been received for time to make a presentation by the 1995 NASFiC; while not provided for in the rules, this seemed unexceptionable to the Chair. However, it was placed at the end of the agenda.

New Business Submitted to ConAdian

[15'.] Count Ineligibles -- But Only to a Point (see p. 12) --

Having discovered a flaw in the text previously passed, Mr. Standlee asked unanimous consent to reconsider this motion and amend it by inserting "or to create a tie for first place" after "win the election". In response to a question, the Chair said the ineligible candidate would have to be one of the ones that were tied. The language "or to create a tie including a candidate for first place" was suggested, followed by "or becomes tied for first place". Mr. Standlee accepted the latter wording. There was no objection to Mr. Standlee's request, and the amendment (and by implication, the motion as amended) was passed. The text of the sentence proposed for addition to Section 3.4 thus became:

If an ineligible candidate receives enough votes to win the election or becomes tied for first place, that candidate shall be eliminated, and the counting shall begin anew with the ineligible candidate eliminated.

Mr. Russell announced that anyone wishing a copy of the Chicon V minutes should see him.

All business submitted before the deadline having been disposed of, the meeting proceeded to consider several motions that had been submitted late, but were listed on the agenda (Items 28-31):

28. Constitutional Amendment re Technical Amendments (Part 1)

[MOVED, to] add the following language to the Constitution:
Numbers and titles of the various parts of the Constitution and Standing Rules are for the sake of easy reference only. They do not form a substantive part of those documents nor of any motion to amend those documents. The Business Meeting staff shall incorporate into those documents correct insertions and deletions when required by adopted amendments. For amendments to the Constitution, the staff shall change any other provision of the Constitution and Standing Rules equally affected. For amendments to the Standing Rules, the staff shall change any other provision of the Standing Rules equally affected. For any such changes, the staff shall change part numbers, titles, and internal cross-references as necessary to maintain a consistent, parallel structure.
(submitted by Richard S. Russell and Diane M. Martin)

<Rationale: This language is intended to reproduce the effect of Standing Rule 16, but to put that effect in the Constitution itself. A Standing Rule should not be able to control the content of the Constitution, which is supposed to be a superior document.>

Default debate time 20 minutes; 10, 5, 8, 3, and 1 minutes also proposed; 5 minutes voted. -- The Chair remarked that this would essentially move Standing Rule 16 into the Constitution; the biggest change was in the first sentence, which would require moving some section titles into the text. Mr. Olson moved to strike the first two sentences. -- At the suggestion of the Chair, Mr. Sacks moved to commit the motion to the Standing Rules Revision Working Group; this was passed, and Item 28 was committed.

29. Constitutional Amendment re Technical Amendments (Part 2)

[MOVED, to] add the following language to the Constitution:
Following each Worldcon, the Business Meeting staff may change unamended part numbers, titles, cross-references, punctuation, grammar, and capitalization in the Constitution and Standing Rules to enhance consistency and clarity.
(submitted by Richard S. Russell and Diane M. Martin)

<Rationale: Section 5.5 of the Constitution gives the entire staff of the Business Meeting the duty of passing along revised text to the next Worldcon. This provision is intended to expand the ability of the staff to enable it to perform clerical tasks which are too petty for the Business Meeting as a whole to have to deal with.

Aside: It is the hope of the makers of this motion that, if this amendment is adopted, the staff will assign short titles to everything that doesn't currently have them and will rearrange the Standing Rules into more coherent groupings.>

The Chair asked unanimous consent that this motion also be committed to the Standing Rules Revision Working Group. Without objection, Item 29 was also committed.

30. It's a WSFS Event Too . . .

MOVED, to append to Section 3.7 of the WSFS Constitution:
or [the site of] any NASFiC held during the same year that the site is selected.
(submitted by Covert Beach, Linda Ross-Mansfield, Dina S. Krause, David Ratti, Susan Wheeler, Fred Duarte Jr., Richard H. E. Smith, Richard W. Zellich, Michelle Zellich, Judith Kindell, Robert MacIntosh, Michael Nelson, Joni Brill Dashoff, and Daniel Lieberman)

<Although there is significant feeling that NASFiC should be dropped from the WSFS Constitution, for now it is still a WSFS event and therefore should be included in the processes for ensuring that our events are spread around.

This motion is not intended to disparage or condemn any current bids that would violate this rule -- particularly since if I had the option to use an advantage like this, I probably would use it too.>

Mr. Sacks objected to consideration; however, a majority were in favor of consideration. -- Default debate time 6 minutes. -- A voice vote appeared sufficiently close that a division was required: Item 30 passed 52-31.

[30A. Proposed Standing Rule]

Mr. Sacks asked unanimous consent to introduce the following proposed new Standing Rule:
People unable to stand to vote should be provided [with] brightly colored cards to indicate when they wish to vote.

It was moved to commit this motion to the Standing Rules Revision Working Group. It was so voted, and the motion was committed.

Mr. Tepper moved to suspend the rules [the Secretary's notes do not indicate why] for the remainder of this meeting; he was informed that there was no need to do so.

31. [Moved to Amend the Standing Rules . . .]

MOVED, to amend the Standing Rules as follows:
The time spent on procedural motions shall not reduce the amount of time for substantive debate below the lesser of the time set by the assembly for debate or four minutes.
(submitted by Gary Keith Feldbaum, Larry Ruh, and Mark Olson)

Mr. Feldbaum moved to commit the motion to the Standing Rules Revision Working Group; so voted, and Item 31 was committed.

[The Secretary notes that the term "assembly" does not appear to be used elsewhere in the Standing Rules.]

Mr. Sacks asked whether the various motions to commit items to the Standing Rules Revision Working Group should be regarded as favorable. The Chair failed to see his point. Mr. Standlee said that the Working Group would be likely to perfect the wording of such motions and make pass/don't pass recommendations.

Mr. Jaffe announced that the Constitution, Standing Rules, etc. would be archived, and available at sf-lovers-request@rutgers.edu. [As will these minutes, after the Secretary edits them into ASCII form.]

Mr. Olson announced that there might be funding for further issues of Apa:WSFS. -- Mr. Russell asked whether "Apa:WSFS" was a trademark infringement; the Chair ruled that it was not.

Mr. Standlee reported that he had previously awarded (Timekeeper) Rick Katze a silver medal, but had to ask for it back . . . to award him a gold medal instead. -- Mr. Russell asked (and presumably received) unanimous consent that the David Levine Good Conduct Award be unanimously awarded to the podium staff.

Site-Selection Business (redux: see pp. 12-13)

Presentations by 1998 Bidders -- Mr. Eastlake being one of the presenters, he left the chair, which was assumed by Deputy Presiding Officer Bruce Pelz. -- Mr. Standlee (in charge of site selection for Intersection) announced that February 20 would be the deadline for filing 1998 bids; there would be a bidders' meeting at 3 P.M. in the Westminster Room West of the Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza. -- Presentations were made as follows (in alphabetical order by cities): for Atlanta, by Bill Ritch; for Baltimore, by Covert Beach; for Boston, by Donald Eastlake; for New York, by Louis Epstein; for Niagara Falls, by Tim Pruitt. -- Mr. Eastlake then resumed the chair.

Presentation by Future Selected NASFiC -- As previously reported, a special request had been received to allow a presentation by the 1995 NASFiC. There being no objection, the presentation was made by Ed Kramer.

On the motion of Mr. Sacks, the Business Meeting adjourned sine die at 1:43 P.M.

Disposition of Business

Constitutional amendments ratified, and now part of the Constitution: Items 1, 2, 3 (as amended). These have been inserted in the Constitution at the places specified by their texts.

Proposed Constitutional amendments given first passage, and to be considered for ratification at Intersection: Items 9, 10, 13, 15' (substitute for original 15), 30. (These will be items 1-5 respectively on next year's agenda.)

Proposed Constitutional amendments defeated: Items 8, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 25, 26. (Item 24 was converted into a resolution. Items 28 and 29 were committed to the Standing Rules Revision Working Group.)

Proposed Standing Rules adopted: Item 5A, which has been designated as Rule 23; and Item 27 (as amended), which will be Rule 24.

Proposed Standing Rules defeated: Item 22. (Items 30A and 31 were committed to the Standing Rules Revision Working Group.)

Other motions on agenda: Items 19 and 23 passed. Motions were also passed to continue two committees (cf. Items 5B and 6).

Agenda for Intersection

(As it happens, I have also been appointed as next year's Secretary. --G.F.)

Items 1-5: Constitutional amendments given first passage at ConAdian (see above).

Items 6-8: Committee reports (same as Items 4-6 on this year's agenda, mutatis mutandis).

Item 9: Report of Standing Rules Revision Working Group.

Item 10: Worldcon reports.

Item 11: The first piece of new business for next year was turned in before the end of the ConAdian Business Meeting, and thus is given here:

11. Elimination of a Hugo

MOVED, to amend the WSFS Constitution by deleting Section 2.2.9, "Best Original Artwork".

(submitted by Robert E. Sacks, Tim Illingworth, Stuart C. Hellinger, Lawrence A. Ruh, Ben Yalow, Joni Brill Dashoff, Sara Paul, Mark L. Olson, Roger Sims, Shirley Avery, Martin Deutsch, Michael R. Nelson, Robert MacIntosh, Michael Mason, Rick Katze, Phillip M. Nathanson, Lois H. Mangan, Liz Gross, Robert L. Hillis, Glen A. Boettcher, and Covert Beach)

"World Science Fiction Society", "WSFS", "World Science Fiction Convention", "Worldcon", "NASFiC", and "Hugo Award" are service marks of the World Science Fiction Society, an unincorporated literary society.

Attendance List

Not including the podium staff, the attendance lists were signed by 113 people on Friday, 171 on Saturday, and 113 on Sunday. A total of 239 people signed one or more attendance lists or are otherwise known to have been present. In the list below, the numbers following each name indicate the meetings at which the person is recorded as being present (1 = Friday, 2 = Saturday, 3 = Sunday).

Adina Adler (23), Gary P. Agin (123), Paul Allwood (3), Lynn Anderson (2), Kevin Austin (123), Margaret Austin (3), Shirley Avery (123), Colleen Baker (2), Adrain Barton (2), Andrew Barton (3), Covert Beach (123), David W. Berry (23), Terry Berry (23), Leroy F. Berven (123), Ajay Bhushan (1), Lee S. Billings (Van Deest) (23), Tom Billings (2), James Daniel Bishop (1), Robert Blair (23), Kent Bloom (123), Glen A. Boettcher (123), Frederick C. Bragdon (1), Seth Breidbart (123), Steve Brinich (12), Ann A. Broomhead (123), Mike Browne (12), Catherine H. Burnett (2), Frank Bynum (2), Jack Caplan (3), Dennis Caswell (1), John P. Chapman (2), Stephen Christian (23), David W. Clark (2), Gavin Claypool (2), Nancy L. Cobb (2), Earl T. Cohen (2), Merce Crain (12), Ryan S. Dancey (2), A. Danko (1), Joni Brill Dashoff (13), Todd Dashoff (13), James Stanley Daugherty (23), Kathryn Daugherty (23), John Day (23), Ingrid de Buda (12), Scott Dennis (1), Tom De Marco (2), Linda Deneroff (2), Gay Ellen Dennett (123), Martin Deutsch (123), John DeVoy (3), Ann Dietz (123), David Doering (1), Mike Donahue (123), Paul Dormer (123), Leo Doroschenko (123), Fred Duarte Jr. (3), Allison Durno (2), Christine Dziadosz (2), Martin Easterbrook (23), Donald E. Eastlake III (123), Jill Eastlake (12), Chris Edwards (123), Dick Eney (1), Louis Epstein (123), Joan Eslinger (2), Gary Feldbaum (123), Sylvia Fisher (2), George Flynn (123), Jeffrey E. Ford (2), Janice Foss (2), Richard Foss (2), Cindy Foster (3), Steve Francis (123), Sue Francis (123), Douglas Friauf (13), James E. Fulkerson (12), Maria Gavelis (12), Brett Glass (2), Marc S. Glasser (2), Mike Glyer (23), Lynn Gold (1), Steve Gold (13), Eli Goldberg (12), Adrienne Gormley (2), Stephen J. Grosko (23), Liz Gross (2), Oliver Gruter-Andrew (3), Hal Haag (123), Casey Hamilton (3), Ann Hartman (3), David Hayman (12), Stuart C. Hellinger (123), Robert Hepperle (123), Gregory J. Herring (2), Mark Herrup (3), John Hertz (2), Christina Hill (12), Bob Hillis (12), Chip Hitchcock (12), Martin Hoare (123), David Hurst (12), Tim Illingworth (123), Saul Jaffe (123), June Jarvis (2), Tom Jeffers (2), Astrid Julian (2), Bob Kanefsky (2), Rick Katze (123), Morris Keesan (3), Judith Kindell (2), Regina Kirby (123), Kenneth Knabbe (2), Ed Kramer (3), Jodi Krangle (2), Tom Kunsman (13), David Kushner (2), Ruth Anne Ladue (12), Geoffrey Landis (2), Rennie Levine (12), John Libby (1), Danny Lieberman (3), Paula Lieberman (123), Mark Linneman (2), J. Spencer Love (12), Perrianne Lurie (123), Deanna Lyman (2), Duncan MacGregor (12), Robert J. MacIntosh (123), Kate Road Mallin (?) (2), Lois H. Mangan (12), Kathy Mar (12), Michael Mason (123), Winton E. Matthews Jr. (123), Bill McGeachin (2), Marjorie McKenna (2), Lori Meltzer (3), Karen Meschke (3), Ben W. Miller (12), Skip Morris (1), Elaine Muraskin (1), Phillip M. Nathanson (12), Michael Nelson (123), Debbie Ridpath Ohi (2), Frank Olbris (2), Mark L. Olson (123), Henry Osier (2), Lance Oszko (3), Bill Parker (3), Helen M. Parker (2), Arwel Parry (123), Sara Paul (123), Ross Pavlac (1), Bruce Pelz (123), Angela Philley (123), Sam Pierce (12), Ken Porter (12), Florence A. Poump (2), Joseph Yule Prather (3), Martha Todd Prather (3), Tim Pruitt (3), Tom Pyter (12), David Ratti (123), Carol Resnick (2), Mike Resnick (2), Mark E. Richards (23), Bill Ritch (3), Steven D. Roberts (3), Bill Roper (2), Linda Ross-Mansfield (123), Arthur L. Rubin (1), Ronni Rubin (2), Lawrence A. Ruh (123), Ed Rush (1), Richard S. Russell (123), Robert E. Sacks (123), Diane Sankey (2), Jim Sankey (2), Jim Satterfield (12), Sharon Sbarsky (123), Ben Schilling (123), Melvin C. Schmidt (3), J. Scrivner (3), Anne J. Sheller (2), Otto Sheller (2), Pat Sheller (2), Ruth Sheller (2), James Joseph Shippey (2), Pat Sims (2), Roger Sims (2), Marian P. Skupski (2), Kathleen A. Sloan (12), Brooke Smith (3), Dick Smith (2), Hank Smith (123), T.R. Smith (1), Victoria A. Smith (12), Davey Snyder (123), John Snyder (12), Raymond E. Snyder Jr. (3), Joseph A. Sokola (123), Albert Sousa (1), Richard C. Spelman (2), Kevin Standlee (123), Rodney Stansfield (2), Michael P. Stein (12), Tom Stern (23), Keith W. Stokes (3), Leigh Strother-Vien (123), Wilho N. Suominen Jr. (123), Lori Swift-Whitworth (23), Tim Szczesuil (123), Brad Templeton (2), Matthew B. Tepper (13), Persis Thorndike (12), Dineh Torres (12), Bertie van Asseldonk (3), Mike Vande Bunt (123), Chuck van der Linden (12), Karen Louise Van De Walker (3), Ray Van De Walker (2), Jan van't Ent (3), Kees van Toorn (1), Michael Walsh [San Francisco] (2), Michael J. Walsh [Baltimore] (3), Patty Wells (3), Susan Wheeler (23), Eva Whitley (13), Ken P. Wildwind (2), Sharon Wildwind (2), Bridget Wilkinson (1), Lori Wolf (3), Richard Wright (3), Ben Yalow (123), Robert P. Yeo (2), Jim Young (3), Rick Young (3), Richard W. Zellich (2), Steven Joel Zeve (12)

Funding for the production of these minutes was furnished by ConAdian, the 1994 Worldcon, and ConFrancisco, the 1993 Worldcon. They are being initially distributed as part of Apa:WSFS. For additional copies, write to Massachusetts Convention Fandom, Inc., P.O. Box 1010, Framingham, MA 01701-0205. The minutes were completed on November 16, 1994.
George Flynn, Secretary,
ConAdian Business Meeting